Greenhouse business plan: detailed calculations. Greenhouse business at home: profitable or not? Business in a greenhouse all year round

Natural vegetables and fruits, fresh herbs, flowers and berries, regardless of the time of year, can be purchased in a store or at the market for a long time. They get there not only by delivery from warm countries, but also from local farmers, among whom there are both large enterprises occupying huge areas of thousands of hectares and private farms located on garden plots. Absolutely anyone who owns land or can rent it can organize a greenhouse business.

How to start farming

Anyone who really loves working on the land, caring for plants and has decided to start building a greenhouse business at home for financial gain must take into account a number of nuances for organizing business activities. Before launching and opening a business that can generate profits throughout the year, you need to take care of the “airbag”:

To operate in the legislative field, you need to prepare: register an LLC or individual entrepreneur, obtain all permitting documentation, analyze the wage and tax scheme.
A home greenhouse business assumes that the grown crop must be sold all year round, and this must be done very quickly, since all products are perishable. To do this, you need to analyze competitors, product demand, etc.
A permanent base of buyers with a good reputation must be ready; find out in advance about the possibility of selling products. When creating a small greenhouse farm, the best solution would be to enter into appropriate agreements with shops, restaurants, kindergartens, etc. A medium-sized farm requires cooperation with at least one hypermarket, respectively, in this case certification and delivery organization will be required.
You should not save on equipment, fertilizer and seeds, as well as on modern technologies that will save you from unnecessary losses and costs in the future.

Advice: to set up a greenhouse business at home, set aside funds for the future to modernize and improve the greenhouse. For the fruitful development of the project and turning it into a successful business, it is necessary to work for the future and invest accordingly. A greenhouse built from unnecessary window frames and covered with polyethylene on top will not be able to bring good profit.

What is better to grow

Whether you can create a profitable greenhouse business primarily depends on what crop you decide to grow. The inability to provide the plant with heat, water and light balance will lead to a significant deterioration in the quality of the crop, and in some cases to its complete destruction.

Therefore, you should not neglect a thorough study and selection of the variety and type of crop. To make the choice easier, two groups can be distinguished:

Grow farm favorites - cucumbers, tomatoes, herbs and flowers (potted or for bouquets).
Exotic - lemons, strawberries, blueberries or even watermelons and grapes.

The second option is much more complicated, as it requires certain knowledge and skills to grow crops in a confined space. But when choosing flowers, do not forget that they are very picky about the quality of the soil and temperature conditions, so it is very difficult to grow even good roses.

In matters of greenery, everything is much simpler, it is less capricious in care, it grows rapidly, but in this case the possibility of the fastest possible implementation is important.

As for tomatoes, this is a very heat-loving plant, which in the cold season will require huge energy costs, and in the summer the level of competition increases significantly, and in addition, products grown in open ground appear.

Growing plan

To create a truly successful business, it is recommended to give preference to a combined scheme, taking into account the specifics of the local climate, difficulties of transportation, storage and consumer demand. For example, a growing scheme could be like this:

Spring - growing flowers.
The first half of summer - tomatoes.
The second part of summer is cucumbers.
Winter - different types of greenery.

This is ideal. Of course, at first it is quite difficult to organize a constant flow, so you can take the scheme as a goal, and in the meantime, gain experience and clients.

Greenhouse business: plan

The amount of investment directly depends on a number of factors.

Where will the greenhouse be located:

On your own site.
On leased land.

Is future expansion being considered to include:

purchasing your own land;
rented area.

How far away is the place where the products will be sold?

The relationship between supply and demand.

Have communications been installed on the site where the greenhouse will be located, their cost, and are there any restrictions on use?

Business is seasonal or year-round.

Are there enough funds for:

Purchase of land and warehouse.
Purchase of structures and materials for the construction of a greenhouse.
Technical support costs.
Purchasing tools.
Registration of commercial activities.

Nuances

In addition, in the greenhouse business plan, in the monthly payments section, you must enter:

Payment for renting the site (if necessary).
Salaries of employees (if any).
Cost of consumables and services (heating, light, water, seeds and fertilizers).
Payment of taxes.

A greenhouse business plan should take into account the most significant expense component - energy. That is why the key task when drawing up a business plan is to find effective ways to minimize these costs. This will be facilitated by:

Farming in the southern part of Russia.
Construction of permanent greenhouses with a durable heat-insulating layer.
Agreement with suppliers on more favorable cost of resources, etc.

The greenhouse business (we gave the beginning of action above) requires a clear analysis of its capabilities. It is much more difficult to form a category of income than an expenditure part, because it is influenced by a huge number of factors - from your personal volumes and quality of the harvest, to the performance of competitors. For this reason, without farming experience, it is not recommended to start with large volumes; product quality should come first.

How to build a greenhouse

First way. The most affordable option is a metal, plastic or wooden base covered with polyethylene on top. This design cannot be described as reliable; it retains heat poorly and is therefore suitable exclusively for seasonal use, but it copes with the main problem of protecting the crop from the spring cold. Thanks to this, it is possible to collect an early harvest and sell it at a favorable price. If you plan to install the greenhouse on a removable plot of land, then it is recommended to connect the parts of the frame not by welding, but by removable parts, so that the structure can be dismantled at any time and transported. Polyethylene should also be secured using specialized clamps, which allow you to remove and tighten the film if necessary.

Second way. When organizing year-round crop cultivation, a capital structure is required, equipped with light, heating, ventilation and watering systems. The structure should be erected on a strip foundation with a recess to the height of soil freezing. The base must certainly be made of metal with anti-corrosion treatment. The best material for covering is polycarbonate or glass, laid in two layers. In order for the greenhouse to withstand a lot of snow in winter, it is better to make the roof shape single or gable. On the north side, the building can be lined with bricks/cinder blocks for better wind protection.

Selecting fuel for heating the greenhouse

One of the most important and difficult aspects is artificially maintaining a temperature that is comfortable for plants, regardless of the time of year outside. The process is complicated for a number of reasons:

Under no circumstances should the inside of the greenhouse be allowed to overheat or dry out.
The heat transfer process must be carried out in a bottom-up direction and slowly.
It is necessary to organize all conditions for the distribution of heat along the entire perimeter of the room.

To meet all requirements, a heat generator with fans or water heating is ideal. What type of fuel is beneficial for producing heat?

First of all, firewood comes to mind, which is easy to purchase and its cost is reasonable. However, it is quite difficult to warm up a large room in this way due to the rapid combustion (about three hours).
Pyrolysis solid fuel boilers are more economical and convenient to use; they also have high efficiency and are buleryan.
Water heating. This is the most expensive method of warming up, but it is good at maintaining almost 90% of the performance, providing automatic fuel and the absence of soot. All this makes it possible to make running a greenhouse business several times easier. As a disadvantage, it can be noted that stoves are extremely picky about the quality of fuel.

Gas heat generators. They have good performance, but are difficult to install. First, you need to order a project from a gas company, which is not cheap, and then have it approved by several authorities. In addition, the greenhouse must be located near the gas main.
Electricity. This method is not exactly cheap, but it is quickly installed. It is not recommended to use electricity as the main heat source, only as an additional one.
The now popular infrared heating devices mounted on the ceiling often cause dissatisfaction due to the fact that plants stretch upward.

Internal structure of the greenhouse

At the very beginning, if there is a need to organize a greenhouse business with minimal costs, the internal arrangement is limited to installing shelving if necessary, hanging lighting lamps and installing a heating system. However, the more successfully the business develops, the more pressing the issue of simplifying the plant care system becomes. Simply put, the process is automated.

Automatic systems for watering, lighting, heating and ventilation of the room help get rid of a significant part of the functions. They provide the opportunity to completely abandon the manual mode due to the installation of special sensors inside the greenhouse. At the right moment, the sensors are triggered and transmit a command to the actuators (heating, ventilation, pump), after which the equipment restores the desired microclimate:

Automation does not always operate using electricity. For example, craftsmen construct an irrigation system from two barrels, one of which is a storage tank, the second is a receiver tank. A float valve is installed in it, which sets a regular water level. A ball valve built into the overall system opens during the solar heating process and allows water to flow into the drip system or sprinklers.
Hydraulic ventilation equipment consists of two containers with liquid, which are located on the movable window part. When the air inside the greenhouse warms up, the container changes position, thereby influencing the window and opening it.

The disadvantage of such homemade systems is their unreliability, so if your greenhouse grows as a business, you will need electrical systems.

Ideally, a modern greenhouse structure is an almost completely computerized complex, with many tasks to maintain the microclimate using special equipment. Therefore, it is possible to plan a greenhouse business with significant income only after the technical and material base for its operation has been created.

Advantages of greenhouse farming

It is impossible to unequivocally answer the question of whether a greenhouse business at home is profitable or not, since any business has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Pros of farming:

Its main advantage is its high profitability: if all technologies for growing crops are followed, up to four harvests can be obtained from one greenhouse per year. You can organize the whole process in your own garden plot, and you can do the care and cultivation yourself, involving your family, while simultaneously mechanizing individual processes (ventilation, irrigation).
It is possible to start a greenhouse business from scratch without investing large sums. The use of inexpensive and common materials such as metal, plastic and polyethylene makes it possible to minimize the initial investment, however, this is only suitable for seasonal crop cultivation. In addition, you can assemble the greenhouse yourself. And in a maximum of a month, any person can become the owner of a small but promising farming business.
There is always a demand for food. As a last resort, the unsold harvest can be canned, frozen, or eaten yourself.
The price for an early harvest is always high, especially for berries and herbs of excellent quality.

All these advantages indicate that the greenhouse business has very good profitability.

Flaws

Every situation has positive and negative sides. There are also many disadvantages in the greenhouse business. People who have been farming for a long time say that it is hard work. And also the disadvantages include:

The undulation and seasonality of business. Financial enrichment depends on the yield, which can change several times in one season.
Cost of resources. A year-round greenhouse requires additional heating and, accordingly, a large amount of fuel.
All products are perishable. Due to the rapid loss of marketable appearance and taste, it is impossible to transport the crop far, which is why the sales market is very limited.

When planning to open a farming business and receive a good income from year-round harvests, you should prepare carefully. However, with proper organization, a greenhouse business can grow into a lifelong endeavor with good income.

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* The calculations use average data for Russia

It is no secret that the agricultural sector in our country is going through hard times these days. However, business in this area can be very profitable, especially if the entrepreneur has the necessary knowledge and experience.

Among the most promising areas is the so-called greenhouse business, which is most relevant for the central part of Russia, where there is a shortage of fresh vegetables in the pre-season and off-season.

Profitability of greenhouse business

Competition in this area is assessed as relatively low. The most difficult thing is to accurately assess the profitability of such a business project. This indicator depends on many variables and, first of all, on the geographical location of the greenhouse. On the one hand, as mentioned above, growing fresh vegetables in a greenhouse is more in demand in the middle zone and northern regions of our country than in the south. In the south the competition is much higher and the off-season period is much shorter.

On the other hand, the central part of Russia is characterized by sharp temperature changes and even frosts. In addition, there is a lack of sunlight there. Consequently, additional costs will be required for lighting and heating of greenhouses, which, in turn, will lead to an increase in production costs. Thus, growing greenhouse vegetables, for example, in Moscow and the Moscow region may turn out to be unprofitable due to the high cost of local greenhouse products and taking into account the fact that large quantities of fruits and vegetables are imported into this region from the south at lower prices.

Basic requirements for growing vegetables

If you still intend to start growing vegetables, then it is recommended to pay attention to the so-called eco-direction. Recently, residents of large cities in our country have begun to think about their health and prefer environmentally friendly products. However, in order to In order for your products to be called “eco-friendly”, you will need to issue an environmental certificate for it. An environmental certificate of conformity is a document that confirms the environmental safety of products, including their operation, storage and transportation.

It is issued only after manufacturers have passed the environmental certification procedure, during which the compliance of the entire production process and the product itself with accepted environmental standards is established. Environmental certification is a voluntary procedure, but its completion significantly increases the competitiveness of your products.

For To obtain an environmental certificate, you will need to submit the following documents: application in free form, product specifications, a full package of technical documentation, GOST R certificate of conformity if available, certificate of state registration of the applicant enterprise. This list may change depending on the type of certified product. The procedure for obtaining environmental certification is quite complex and lengthy.

It consists of several stages. First, the applicant company provides the certification center with all the necessary documents, as well as an application for a certificate of environmental safety compliance. Then the certification center analyzes the provided product documentation, gets acquainted with the production process, makes a decision on the submitted application, signs an agreement to fulfill the application, analyzes test reports, audits the production or technical process, selects samples for testing, tests the product and, finally, accepts decision to issue or refuse to issue an environmental safety certificate.

If a positive decision is made, a certificate of conformity is issued and subsequently transferred to the applicant. The cost of completing the environmental certification procedure starts from 55 thousand rubles.

So, let's summarize. Investments in the flower business turn out to be 4-5 times higher than investments in growing vegetables. A growing greens is 4 times more profitable than growing vegetables. However, the final decision about what exactly you will grow on your plot should be made only after conducting thorough marketing research of the region where you live and the local market.

Ready ideas for your business

Pay attention to which products are in greatest demand, what your competitors offer and at what prices, and how they sell their products. Also consider the climatic features of the region and your opportunities for starting a business. For example, if you plan to work only with retail at first, then you should give preference to greens (dill, lettuce, parsley, onions), radishes, and strawberries. In addition, you can increase your profit by growing and selling seedlings of various garden and vegetable crops in early spring.

If you are counting on large incomes and quick payback, then you need to rely on wholesale sales. In this case, experts advise paying attention to tomatoes and cucumbers. Finally, if you already have access to the owners of restaurants and cafes and an agreement with them on direct deliveries, then you can take a risk and start growing more demanding plants, the cost of which, accordingly, will be higher than the cost of common crops.

Ready ideas for your business

Also consider the distance between your farm and potential buyers. The farther your greenhouses are located from the city, the more profitable it will be to grow “light” products (that is, those that will weigh less and will not be too demanding on storage and transportation conditions).

Finally, profitability depends on the chosen process. But here everything is not so simple. For example, the hydroponics method provides maximum yield at minimal cost when growing vegetables. This technology can be used with equal success by both small greenhouse farms and large agricultural enterprises. However, its main drawback is the low taste of the finished product.

Often vegetables grown in this way, although cheap, have virtually no taste. Accordingly, they will not be in great demand either. For this reason, for growing vegetables it is recommended to use, albeit more expensive, but in this case, a traditional system using fertilizers that is quite justifiable.

The industry average profitability is estimated at 15%. In some cases, with the right niche and production technologies, it can reach 25%!

How to obtain documents for growing vegetables

If the land plot for the construction of greenhouses is your property and you do not plan to work on a large scale, hire additional workers and sell finished products to legal entities, then no special documents are required to organize such a subsidiary farm. To sell the harvest, it will be enough to take a certificate stating that the land on which the greenhouses are located belongs to you.

If you are going to attract additional labor, organize larger production and sell your products through stores, retail chains, and also supply them to catering establishments, you will have to register as an individual entrepreneur or organize a private agricultural enterprise. In the latter case, you will be entitled to certain tax benefits, but keep in mind that in practice many of them will not be so easy to achieve.

State registration of peasant farms (peasant farms) is carried out in the same manner as was established for state registration of individuals as individual entrepreneurs. In this case, only the farm manager is registered. To do this, he must submit the following documents to the registration authority:

application for registration (form established by law);

agreement on the creation of a peasant (farm) enterprise (if there is a need for it);

a copy of the main identification document of the head of the farm (passport);

document confirming payment of state duty (original);

copies of documents confirming the relationship/property of members of the peasant farm.

Please note: an application for transition to a special tax regime (USN or tax for agricultural producers) is submitted simultaneously when submitting documents for registration of a farm. Then the selected mode can be applied from the moment of registration of the peasant farm.

Ready ideas for your business

A farm is registered by the authorized body at the place of permanent registration (registration) of the head of the farm. Its deadline is on average five working days from the date of submission of documents. As a result, you will receive a Certificate of state registration of the head of a peasant farm, a Certificate of registration with the territorial tax authority, an extract from the Unified State Register of Individual Entrepreneurs and an information letter from the State Statistics Committee with OKVED codes.

If a farm is organized not by one person, but by several, then an agreement must be concluded between all participants, which provides the following information:

about members of the farm;

on the recognition of one of the members of this farm as the head of the farm, the powers of the head of the farm and the procedure for managing the farm;

on the rights and responsibilities of members of a farm;

on the procedure for the formation of farm property, the procedure for owning, using, and disposing of this property;

on the procedure for becoming a member of a farm and the procedure for leaving a member of a farm;

on the procedure for distributing fruits, products and income received from farming activities.

The list of this information can be expanded. The agreement is accompanied by copies of documents confirming the relationship of the citizens who decided to create a joint farming enterprise. In addition, the agreement is signed by all members of the farm.

What equipment is needed for a greenhouse business?

Regardless of what crops you have chosen to grow in greenhouses, whether the land for their construction is owned or leased, whether you are going to make do with your savings or plan to take out loans, you need to start organizing this type of business by drawing up a detailed business plan -plan.

In it you will be able to assess the situation on the regional market, decide on the format of your future business (it can be either seasonal using cheaper and simpler farm greenhouses, or permanent with the construction of industrial greenhouses with constant heating and lighting), assess sales and search opportunities buyers, calculate costs and profits, sources of financing for the project, etc. The costs of organizing such a business directly depend on the type of greenhouses you will use. The most common types of greenhouses in our country are film and glass. Film or polyethylene greenhouses have a lower cost.

On to the cons This includes the low light transmittance of the film and its insufficient strength, as well as high humidity inside the greenhouse. On average, such greenhouses must be replaced once a season. “Productivity” using film greenhouses will also be lower, because plants will have to be planted in them later, which, accordingly, increases the ripening time of the crop. Glass or winter greenhouses have a more complex design and are more expensive than film ones.

On to the pros These include their durability, relative strength and good light transmittance. Under certain conditions, you can grow vegetables in them even in the winter season. But still, glass is a fairly fragile material, and the cost of replacing broken glass will be higher than the cost of replacing torn polyethylene, which also must be taken into account when drawing up estimates.

Recently, greenhouses of the third type, made of polycarbonate or acrylic, which are more durable than glass and film, have good transparency and light diffusion, have become increasingly widespread. The light level in a polycarbonate greenhouse is twice as high as in a polyethylene greenhouse.

Its additional advantage– no need to make a foundation, as is the case with glass greenhouses. But still, unfortunately, polycarbonate greenhouses are also not perfect and have their drawbacks. First of all, this concerns arched structures, which are the most common. Their popularity can only be explained by the fact that it is more profitable for greenhouse manufacturers to produce just such structures, since a standard polycarbonate sheet measures 2.1 by 6 meters. There are also sheets up to 12 meters long, but they are difficult to transport and inconvenient to work with.

A standard polycarbonate sheet is bent into an arc in such a way that the height of the structure is, as a rule, 3.8 meters and the length, respectively, 6 meters, although these parameters can be increased or decreased if necessary. Such a greenhouse is considered small in size. With intensive cultivation, the soil in it is quickly depleted, so it is necessary to fertilize it regularly. The main disadvantage of a polycarbonate greenhouse arched design lies in the unevenness of lighting and large reflection of light, as a result of which only part of the plants is well illuminated. These shortcomings can be eliminated by increasing the flow of light by making the roof of the greenhouse not semicircular, but flat, and the northern part of the greenhouse opaque.

Plants in polycarbonate greenhouses can be planted directly into the ground, but in this case it will be difficult to maintain the recommended temperature regime. Experts still advise using so-called decking, which is a metal mesh stretched over a wooden frame. Along the perimeter of such a greenhouse there are several rows of flooring, between which a small free space is left to provide access to them.

As in conventional greenhouses, in polycarbonate structures it is necessary to ensure constant air exchange, for which through fans are used. In summer they can be turned off to save costs. One mechanical through fan will cost 6.5-7 thousand rubles.

The hydroponics system mentioned above, with all its shortcomings, allows you to reduce the cycle of growing vegetables to 2-3 weeks (which is 5-10 times faster than with traditional growing methods) with a yield of up to 2-3 tons of products per hectare. To maintain such a greenhouse, 5-7 workers will be required per hectare of usable area.

When calculating the cost of constructing one greenhouse, take into account the following expenses: obtaining design documentation for the greenhouse itself and all its external networks (electricity, water supply, etc.), which must include specifications for all equipment used; purchase of planting material plus funds for operating expenses until the first profit is received.

If you are just looking for a site to locate your greenhouse, then take into account the location of the necessary communications. The further they are located from the site, the higher the costs for supply will be. Pay attention to the area around the proposed greenhouse installation location. It should be level and spacious enough to allow for access roads. If you rent land, opt for prefabricated greenhouse structures. They are more expensive than non-dismountable ones, but these expenses are completely justified, because if something happens, you can easily transfer them to a new place.

A lot of controversy among entrepreneurs working in the greenhouse sector raises the question of the need to invest additional funds in heating greenhouses. Some people believe that there is no need to invest a lot of money in modern expensive equipment. Others believe that higher costs at the first stage are later compensated by higher production efficiency. Whatever your opinion, experts recommend starting to save money from the profits you make and gradually upgrading the equipment you use. Do not forget that heating and electricity account for up to 90% of all current costs of maintaining and maintaining greenhouses.

How much will we spend and how much will we earn?

Among the main expenses for organizing a greenhouse farm are the following: renting a plot, building greenhouses and purchasing the necessary equipment, work tools, purchasing plants, fertilizers, wages for farm workers. Renting a plot of land will cost from 80 thousand rubles per year. For one greenhouse with an area of one hectare with all the necessary equipment, you will need from 300 thousand rubles (the final amount depends on the type of greenhouse). Another 200 thousand rubles will be spent on equipment, seedlings/seeds, and fertilizers.

A large greenhouse will require at least two to three workers to operate. The functions of a farm manager can be performed independently at first. For medium-sized enterprises, about ten workers per hectare of land allocated for greenhouses are taken into account. The use of the latest technologies and modern equipment (with automatic irrigation and heating) will significantly reduce the number of maintenance personnel.

It is very difficult to determine with high accuracy the expected income from greenhouse farming, since, as in the case of profitability, it is directly influenced by several significant factors: region (in some regions it is quite possible to obtain up to four harvests per year, while in others - not more than two), remoteness of the farm from the city (on which transportation costs directly depend), distribution channels, etc. The most realistic payback period seems to be within two to three years.

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Greenhouses are coming into fashion. Small shelters are installed on most household plots, and some farms erect large structures intended for industrial cultivation. How to start? It's worth starting with comparatively small shelter of 50 sq. m.

With time farming can be expanded, erecting several more greenhouses ranging in size from 100 square meters. m. If you start a business in greenhouses, what is more profitable to grow?

In the summer, competition for greenhouse farms comes from private farmsteads and farmers growing plants. To reduce costs it is recommended to combine heated year-round designs with seasonal unheated ones, ideal for the warm season.

Greenhouses: what are they?

Greenhouses can be divided into many categories based on the type of heating, shape, size used for manufacturing. First of all shelters worth sharing on the:

heated year-round structures;
seasonal greenhouses without heating.

Seasonal shelters most often made from thick plastic film stretched over plastic or metal. Such a greenhouse can be collapsible, it can be easily dismantled and moved to another place. It is better to dismantle shelters for the winter so that the plastic film is not damaged by snow.

Capital winter greenhouses are being done more thoroughly. They are erected on a solid surface; in cold regions, recessing is recommended to help better retain heat.

Winter greenhouses can be pitched or arched, the design depends on the frame. For industrial cultivation, pitched options are recommended; if you use a greenhouse at home as a business, then convenient ones are suitable.

As a frame for capital winter greenhouses most often durable metal is used with anti-corrosion coating. A rarer option is those treated with special impregnation.

Double polyethylene film or hardened is used as a coating. Double-glazed windows are not suitable for greenhouses, they are too fragile and short-lived.

The most modern and convenient material for year-round greenhouses is. The sheets can be given any shape, they are easily bent and cut, and are not damaged during many years of use. Polycarbonate transmits light well, at the same time protecting plants from sunburn.

For the normal development of plants, a greenhouse is needed. The best results are obtained by a combined system that combines several heat sources. It is possible to use electric boilers, potbelly stoves, air heaters, fires, as well as cheap biofuels. The greenhouse will be equipped with a system, vents for ventilation and curtains for shading in the summer heat. The costs of a greenhouse for a small business, in this case, will increase.

Crops for year-round cultivation

Specialists for greenhouse business there are a number of crops, especially suitable for growing in shelters. The characteristics of the plants are taken into account, as well as the profit from the greenhouse that their sale brings. What is profitable to grow in a greenhouse? What is more profitable to grow in a greenhouse for business? Various varieties come first, greens come second, and vegetables are an honorable third.

The leaders in the flower group are those are particularly productive, and demand for cut flowers is high throughout the year.

It is recommended to start the season by sowing seeds for seedlings, as well as planting early crops: herbs, lettuce. In April-early May, seedlings move into the greenhouse tomatoes, .

By this time, the soil should warm up well, but retain moisture. Early varieties can be harvested already in mid-summer, making room for new crops. Radish and others seasonal vegetables are sown several times, until September inclusive.

Rules for planting and growing

Pledge proper development of plants and high yield - fertile soil. The topsoil is replaced annually. In large industrial greenhouses, it is recommended to update the soil after each harvest, that is, after 3-4 months.

The best substrate for greenhouses – a mixture of old garden or turf soil with humus, peat, river sand. This soil is suitable for most greenhouse crops. For greater nutritional value, it can be supplemented with wood (preferably birch) ash, as well as complex mineral fertilizer. It is not advisable to add complexes containing a lot of nitrogen, they develop abundant green mass to the detriment of fruiting.

Plants are planted without thickening; there should be at least 30 cm between bushes. Compact forms are chosen for greenhouses, not forming spreading branches or long lashes. It is convenient to plant indeterminate plants that require trellis mounting in high greenhouses.

All crops must be self-pollinating, since access of insects to the shelter will be limited. It is important to organize, mineral or organic fertilizers are applied to the soil every 2 weeks.

Are greenhouses profitable? A properly organized greenhouse is the key to a good harvest. Her organization and operation is not cheap, however, with proper operation, the design will pay for itself within a year. A greenhouse built from high-quality materials does not require annual repairs and lasts for several seasons without problems.

Useful information in the video about business ideas for greenhouse cultivation of various crops:

Market prospects
Product Description
Recruitment
Financial plan
Breeding technology
- - - Similar business ideas:

Business plan for organizing a greenhouse for growing vegetables with a total area of 2016 square meters.

How much money is needed to organize a greenhouse farming

According to preliminary calculations for the opening of a greenhouse with an area of 2016 square meters. meters will require an investment of about 14 million rubles:

Preparatory work, arrangement of the site - 700,000 rubles.
Purchase, delivery and installation of greenhouse structures - RUB 5,000,000.
Greenhouse equipment (irrigation system, heating, ventilation, etc.) - RUB 3,500,000.
Purchase of other equipment and inventory (packaging machine, racks, buckets, boxes, etc.) - RUB 500,000.
Costs for connecting utility networks (gas, water, electricity) - RUB 250,000.
Construction of an administrative building and utility buildings. block - 1,500,000 rub.
Purchase of planting material - 400,000 rubles.
Purchase of a truck (for product sales) - RUB 700,000.
Business registration, approvals and permits - RUB 150,000.
Other expenses - RUB 300,000.
Reserve fund - 1,000,000 rubles.

Market prospects

Greenhouse business in Russia is considered a promising area. This is especially true in areas with harsh climatic conditions, which include most regions of the Russian Federation. This industry is of great importance, as it is designed to supply the country’s population with fresh vegetables and herbs, the demand for which has been steadily growing in recent years. Today people are ready to spend more and more money on vegetables and herbs than they did 15 - 20 years ago. The fashion for healthy eating forces people to allocate more and more funds from their budget to purchase products that are so important for the human body. The main problem hindering the development of the industry is high energy tariffs. Currently, the area under cover of vegetables in Russia is no more than 2,000 hectares. For comparison, in China the area of greenhouse farms is 1.7 million hectares. However, there is a green light in this direction. The state is increasingly paying attention to the development of the industry and is ready to help beginning and existing farmers by allocating land plots at preferential rates, subsidizing interest rates on loans and issuing grants for the development of greenhouse farming.

Product Description

Our farm will be engaged in the production of vegetable crops - cucumbers and tomatoes. The productivity according to the preliminary plan will be 90 kg/m2 (per year). Annual production volume with an area of 2016 sq. meters will thus amount to 181,440 kilograms of fresh vegetables. The average annual wholesale price per kilogram of products will be 65 rubles. The main clients of the farm: wholesale resellers, processing plants and retail chains. The planned annual turnover of the enterprise, after the sale of all manufactured products, will be about 11,500,000 rubles.

Download greenhouse business plan

Rent of land for greenhouse farming

To accommodate a small greenhouse farm, a land plot of 4,500 square meters will be rented from the municipality. The lease agreement will be concluded for 49 years with a pre-emptive right to purchase. Rental payments will amount to 25 thousand rubles per month. The site will be located in close proximity to a populated area, which will allow connecting all necessary communications, including electricity, gas and water.

What equipment to choose for greenhouse farming

As equipment, it is planned to purchase industrial polycarbonate greenhouses for growing agricultural crops “Farmer”. The design of this greenhouse is designed in accordance with SNiP 2.10.04-85. During the construction of the Farmer greenhouse, modern thermal insulation materials are used to reduce heating costs, making it possible to operate it all year round.

The frame of the greenhouse is made of a powerful galvanized profile and consists of arc-shaped trusses connected to each other by purlins. The width of the greenhouse will be 7.5 m, height 3 m, length 67.2 m. The area of the greenhouse will be 504 sq. m. m. The greenhouse will be installed on the ground with the foundation posts buried. In total, it is planned to purchase four similar greenhouses. Thus, the total area of the farm will be 2016 square meters. In addition to the greenhouse design, it is planned to purchase and install gas boilers (for heating), household appliances. block, a packaging plant, an administrative building for staff accommodation and a shower room. As for the greenhouse equipment itself, the following components will be purchased: an installation for drip irrigation of plants, a fertilizing system, a ventilation system, as well as additional equipment and inventory (racks, buckets, boxes, etc.).

Recruitment

It is planned to employ an engineer, general workers (6 people), packers (4 people), sales managers (2 people), a driver, accountant and security guards (3 people) as farm personnel. The total staff will be 18 people, with a monthly payroll of 288,000 rubles.

Which tax system to choose for greenhouse farming

The organizational form of the greenhouse farming will be a limited liability company, consisting of two founders. It is planned to use the Unified Agricultural Tax (UST) as a taxation system. Tax payments will be 6% of the farm's profit.

Step-by-step plan for opening a greenhouse farm

The list of works for organizing an enterprise is as follows:

Business registration, approvals and preparation of documents
Concluding a land lease agreement
Preparation of the land plot
Summing up communications
Purchase of a greenhouse, delivery, installation of the structure
Roofing
Finishing work
Electric installation work
Installation of ventilation systems, irrigation, plumbing work
Installation of equipment, shelving
Landscaping
Installation of household block, household structures
Hiring workers
Conclusion of contracts (solid waste removal, disinfection, etc.)
Purchase of planting material
Starting a business

Financial plan

Fixed monthly expenses (average from September to May)

Rent — 25,000 rub.
Salary + insurance contributions - 370,000 rubles.
Fertilizers, protective equipment - 20,000 rubles.
Heating — 66,000 rub. (33 rub./sq. m.)
Electricity - 20,000 rubles. (10 rub./sq. m.)
Water supply - 4,000 rubles. (2 rub./sq. m.)
Packaging — 25,000 rub.
Depreciation of equipment - 10,000 rubles.
Seeds - 7,000 rubles.
Fuel and lubricants - 40,000 rubles.
Other expenses - 20,000 rubles.

Total - 607,000 rubles. The annual expenses of the farm will be 7,284,000 rubles.

How much can you earn from greenhouse farming?

Net profit at the end of the year of operation of the farm will be 3,963,040 rubles (330,253 rubles per month). It is worth noting that such results can only be achieved subject to 100% sales of all manufactured products. The profitability of the organization according to business plan calculations will be 54%. With such indicators, the return on investment in the business will occur in 42 months or 3.5 years.

We recommend download greenhouse business plan, from our partners, with a quality guarantee. This is a full-fledged, ready-made project that you will not find in the public domain. Contents of the business plan: 1. Confidentiality 2. Summary 3. Stages of project implementation 4. Characteristics of the object 5. Marketing plan 6. Technical and economic data of the equipment 7. Financial plan 8. Risk assessment 9. Financial and economic justification of investments 10. Conclusions

Which OKVED code to indicate when registering a business?

To register a business, you will need to indicate the necessary codes from OKVED-2, Section A: Agriculture, forestry, fishing and fish farming:

01 Crop and livestock farming, hunting and provision of related services in these areas.
01.1 Growing annual crops.
01.13 Growing vegetables, melons, root and tuber crops, mushrooms and truffles.
01.13.1 Growing vegetables.
01.13.12 Growing vegetables in protected soil.

What documents are needed to open

Registration of a peasant farm business (peasant farm) will require the same documents from the entrepreneur as for registration of an individual entrepreneur:

Notarized application for registration on behalf of the greenhouse owner.
Copy of passport and ID code.
Receipt for payment of state duty.

It should be noted that if a business is opened by not one, but several entrepreneurs, a contract is drawn up between them.

Do I need permission to open?

If you do not plan to sell the crops you grow in stores and hire staff to care for them, then no permits will be required. In the case of sales of products to legal entities, it is necessary to register an individual entrepreneur or peasant farm. The quality of growing conditions and goods for sale will be controlled by the relevant sanitary and epidemiological authorities. When installing heating equipment, you will need permission from the fire safety inspectorate. A businessman may need contracts for fertilizing the land, treating pests, dry cleaning clothes, etc.

Breeding technology

The modern greenhouse business uses three growing structures:

Glazed.
Polycarbonate.
Polyethylene.

Beginning businessmen can try polyethylene construction as it is simpler and cheaper than others. But if your crops require more light, then it is better to go with a glass greenhouse. Also, you should not limit yourself to growing one crop; using a larger range of products will increase your profits in the market. In addition to vegetables, flowers can also be grown in greenhouses. Flower greenhouses are considered the most profitable direction.

Greenhouse business plan - we present detailed calculations, payback periods for this business, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of running it.

Capital investment in a greenhouse: 15 000$
Business payback: 2-3 years
Profitability level: 15%

With proper organization and management, a greenhouse can bring stable large income to its owners.

However, entering into a business without understanding its principles is an almost 100% guarantee of unprofitability.

Therefore, a greenhouse is often organized by those who have extensive practical experience in this field.

But even the most experienced person will need greenhouse business plan.

Advantages and disadvantages of organizing a greenhouse

Advantages	Flaws
You can start a business with minimal investment.	Cost effective only for southern regions.
Subsidies from the state are possible.	A business organized by an insufficiently competent person is guaranteed to become unprofitable.
Pays for itself quickly.	High energy consumption.
There is a dispute both in retail chains and among retail buyers.	It is necessary to think over a product storage system (short sales period).

Greenhouse business plan: planning

It’s worth starting with the fact that greenhouse farming is divided into three main groups: growing vegetables, flowers and herbs.

How the business will be built in the future depends on the chosen direction.

It is believed that the latter option is simpler and more cost-effective than others.

At first, it will be possible to grow greens even in a greenhouse that you assembled with your own hands.

At the same time, the business of selling such products is considered very profitable.

Summary and Objectives of the Greenhouse Project

In the introductory part of the greenhouse plan, basic information about the enterprise is indicated: type of activity, location, information about the owner.

But business planning also necessarily includes the goals that the entrepreneur sets for himself.

For a greenhouse business, the goals in the plan may sound like this:

Organize greenhouse farming to meet retail demand in the selected region.
Establish wholesale sales of products to retail chains.
Scale up business activities by adding less common crops to the assortment for sale to restaurant enterprises.
Reach a profit level of N million rubles per year.

Marketing section of a greenhouse business plan

Although greenhouse business has many specific features, it also requires a marketing section in the plan.

This includes all analytical information that will help organize a profitable business.

Let's consider two main points - target audience and competitor analysis.

Who are the buyers of greenhouse products?

The plan typically analyzes who the average buyer is.

For a greenhouse, analysis of purchasing power in the region is also very important.

After all, an entrepreneur can select a product to grow based on the intended target audience.

Businessmen planning to start small and work only with retail should bet on simple, popular greens.

This includes green onions, parsley, dill, lettuce - the standard set.

Also popular retail products include radishes and strawberries.

When the business expands, you can introduce an additional seasonal product into the assortment - seedlings of various crops in early spring.

But entrepreneurs who aim to organize a large-scale business should focus exclusively on wholesale sales.

For this purpose, cucumbers and tomatoes are mainly grown.

Another niche of consumers that you can target are owners of cafes and restaurants.

As a rule, they often have a need for some relatively exotic crops.

A businessman can take the risk of growing a couple of species of fancy plants in a greenhouse and thus occupy a narrow niche. The benefit is that the prices for such goods are correspondingly high.

Analysis of the level of competition in business

Competition analysis is an essential part of any planning, including a greenhouse business plan.

However, in fairness, it is worth noting that the level of competition in the greenhouse business is generally low.

For analysis, it is necessary to select all representatives of this field in your region. Their activities are considered according to the following points:

What products are grown in greenhouses?
What volume of goods are offered for sale?
Are customers satisfied with the quality of the product offered?

When studying information, it is also important to take into account the demand of the population of the region or those areas where you plan to supply goods.

You need to approach the analysis comprehensively.

After all, even if you now have 2-3 large wholesale customers, there is no guarantee that you will continue to cooperate in a year.

In addition, you should always consider the possibility of expanding your business over time.

Greenhouse room

The description of the location and premises is of particular importance.

For example, if an entrepreneur plans to grow agricultural crops, it is important to assess the quality of the land in the chosen location.

Also in the additional information you need to indicate how close the reservoirs are and whether the water is of high quality.

What transport hubs or highways are nearby?

This is important to know because greenhouse products are often very difficult to transport (they have a short sales period).

So an entrepreneur should look for sales locations as close as possible to the greenhouses and have convenient means of transportation to increase profits.

Equipment for business in a greenhouse

In terms of the greenhouse, the entrepreneur must pay special attention to the description of the technological processes of organizing the work.

First of all, identify which greenhouse model will be used and why.

Technical aspects are described in as much detail as possible.

They note who will do the installation work and how much it will cost.

It would be a good idea to note why this particular company was chosen and give examples of their successful work.

This is important when, with the help of a plan, an entrepreneur is trying to attract investors or obtain credit funds.

Greenhouse staff

Greenhouse business plan should include detailed information about personnel.

The entrepreneur lists in the document the names of positions, the number of employees, and their job responsibilities.

Financial information must also be indicated: salary for the year, possible bonus payments and planned rate increases.

Subsequently, the plan is supplemented with an established work schedule and even a vacation schedule.

Opening schedule

The calendar plan is drawn up so that the entrepreneur himself and investors can track the organization process.

Is everything going according to schedule and have any steps been forgotten?

The schedule acts as a guideline that you need to return to from time to time.

Event	1 month	2 months	3 months
Conclusion of a land lease agreement
Purchase and installation of greenhouses
Installation of additional lighting, ventilation, heating, watering
Search and recruitment of personnel
Purchase of seeds, soil, chemicals
Beginning of work

Financial section of a greenhouse business plan

The financial section is the most important part of any business planning. The greenhouse growing plan is no exception.

Costs of starting a greenhouse business

The costs of starting a greenhouse business will not scare you with numerous zeros in the final amount.

Moreover, you can start small: build a greenhouse with your own hands, and instead of an irrigation system, purchase an ordinary garden hose for 1,000 rubles.

This approach will allow you to start a business with minimal investment.

Current monthly expenses for greenhouse business

It is important for an entrepreneur to remember: in addition to the costs of organizing, there will also be expenses for its maintenance and development.

All these points need to be listed in the business plan.

The video below provides an example of a successful greenhouse business:

Payback period for a greenhouse business

Although farming is not a particularly booming industry these days, it can be a highly profitable business.

If you maintain profitability at the level of 15-20%, the investment will pay off in 1-3 years.

The payback period depends on the size of capital investment, the scale of the business, as well as the selected type of product.

For example, for a flower business, an entrepreneur will need to invest 3-4 times more money than in.

At the same time, growing vegetables turns out to be 3-4 times less profitable than growing greens!

The final choice of products remains, of course, with the entrepreneur.

The main thing is to think through and record in greenhouse business plan all essential details.

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