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Microcredit organization license. Features of opening an microfinance organization. What equipment is needed for microfinance organizations

  1. Can you add an organization from the region (not from Moscow) to the MFO register?
    Yes. In this case, we will organize the work remotely, without your coming to Moscow.
  2. What are the requirements for the name of a microfinance organization?
    The name of the microfinance organization should not coincide with the name of the full and (or) abbreviated names of the microfinance organization already entered in the state register of microfinance organizations.
  3. Is it necessary to indicate the phrase “microfinance organization” in the name of an MFO?
    The phrase “microfinance organization” must be indicated in the name from July 1, 2015. If the microfinance organization was registered earlier, it must bring its name into compliance by the end of 2016. If a legal entity whose name contains the phrase “microfinance organization” loses the status of a microfinance organization, that person is obliged to remove the phrase “microfinance organization” from its name within thirty working days from the date of exclusion of this legal entity from the state register of microfinance organizations."
  4. Can a microfinance organization apply a simplified taxation system?
    No. The Law of November 2, 2013 introduced amendments to the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, which prohibit MFOs from using the simplified tax system from January 1, 2014.
  5. Are there any restrictions on the size of the authorized capital of an MFO?
    There are no restrictions on the size of the authorized capital of microfinance organizations as such. However, you should remember that for each loan issued in an amount exceeding 10% of the authorized capital of the MFO, you will need to make a decision of the General Meeting of Participants/Shareholders to approve this transaction.
  6. Can an MFO engage in other activities?
    Microfinance organizations may engage in other activities, with the exception of any types of professional activities in the securities market (Clause 7, Article 12 of the Federal Law dated 07/02/2010 N 151-FZ (as amended on 12/21/2013) “On microfinance activities and microfinance organizations”.
  7. Are there any requirements for participants/shareholders of MFOs?
    In accordance with the Federal Law of July 2, 2010 N 151-FZ (as amended on December 21, 2013) “On microfinance activities and microfinance organizations,” there is only one requirement for participants/shareholders of an MFO: An individual who is a participant/shareholder of an MFO must not have an outstanding or an outstanding conviction for a crime in the field of economic activity or a crime against government authority.
  8. Are there any requirements for the head of an MFO?
    The head or member of the collegial management body of an MFO in accordance with Federal Law dated July 2, 2010 N 151-FZ (as amended on December 21, 2013) “On microfinance activities and microfinance organizations” cannot be:
    1) persons who exercised the functions of the sole executive body of financial organizations at the time these organizations committed violations for which their licenses to carry out the relevant types of activities were canceled (revoked), or violations for which the said licenses were suspended and the said licenses were revoked (revoked) due to failure to eliminate these violations, if less than three years have passed from the date of such cancellation (revocation). In this case, a financial organization for the purposes of this Federal Law means a professional participant in the securities market, a clearing organization, a management company of an investment fund, a mutual investment fund and a non-state pension fund, a specialized depository of an investment fund, a mutual investment fund and a non-state pension fund, a joint-stock investment fund, credit organization, insurance organization, non-state pension fund, trade organizer;
    2) persons in respect of whom the period during which they are considered subject to administrative punishment in the form of disqualification has not expired;
    3) persons who have an unexpunged or outstanding conviction for crimes in the field of economic activity or crimes against state power.
  9. Are you preparing any special Charter for MFOs?
    For microfinance organizations, we are preparing a charter containing provisions on the activities of microfinance organizations in accordance with the Federal Law of July 2, 2010 N 151-FZ (as amended on December 21, 2013) “On microfinance activities and microfinance organizations”
  10. Do MFIs need to submit any additional reporting?
    Microfinance organizations are required to submit quarterly documents to the Bank of Russia containing a report on microfinance activities and the personnel of their governing bodies. The forms and deadlines for submitting these documents are determined by the Bank of Russia.
  11. Do I need to provide credit history information to the Credit History Bureau?
    Information on the operations of legal entities, citizens carrying out business activities without forming a legal entity, and individuals is provided by microfinance organizations for the purpose of forming credit histories in the credit history bureau in the manner and under the conditions provided for by the agreement concluded with the credit history bureau in accordance with Federal Law dated December 30, 2004 N 218-FZ “On Credit Histories”

If you decide to open an MFO, then you probably know that recently information about such organizations must be included in the state register. In addition, a distinction was introduced between the concepts of MFO and MCC: the main difference is that microcredit companies do not have the right to attract investment from outside - exclusively from their founders.

Given the fewer restrictions, registration of microfinance organizations is now more in demand. Even if you already have a business plan ready, it is best to open an MFO knowing exactly the sequence of necessary actions. Registering an MFO step by step will help you avoid unnecessary difficulties and achieve your goal as quickly as possible.

Procedure for opening an MFO

If you are thinking about how to open an MFO from scratch, but at the same time you understand that you do not have the time required to go through the full registration procedure, use the turnkey MFO registration service. In this case, minimal participation on your part will be required, but you can be sure that all legal details will be observed.

If you decide to find out for yourself how to open a microfinance organization, step-by-step instructions will not hurt you: by adhering to it as precisely as possible, you will achieve your goal. Despite the apparent mass of difficulties, there are not many nuances when registering. You will need:

  1. Prepare constituent documents.
  2. Register with the tax office.
  3. Open an account.
  4. Register the status of the created organization.

As you can see, registration of an MFC or MFO does not provide for any insurmountable obstacles. It is enough just to adhere to the indicated scheme and follow the points listed in it.

How to prepare documents

Most often, the reason for refusal to enter a new microfinance organization into the register is the non-compliance of the Charter with the necessary requirements. An MFO is not just a legal entity: in this case, it is necessary to adhere to Federal Law 151. To ensure that you do not receive a refusal, the following should be included in the Charter:

  • List of planned activities;
  • A note that any transaction the cost of which exceeds 10% of the value of the company’s property must be pre-approved;
  • The name of the body that will develop rules for providing loans to the population and monitor their implementation;
  • The procedure for the management of an MFO in the event of a need to disclose information about persons who can influence decision-making on the activities of the MFO.

In order not to unexpectedly encounter any restrictions and continue to work fully, it is advisable for the organizer of an MFO to include clauses in the Charter on the following types of activities:

  • Work in the insurance industry;
  • Providing advice on financial intermediation issues;
  • Providing microloans to individuals, legal entities, as well as individual entrepreneurs;
  • Processing of data provided by clients within the framework necessary to provide the highest quality services.

Attention! When developing the Charter for registering an MFO in 2017, do not forget to carefully think about the size of the authorized capital! Having indicated the minimum wage in your documents, you will have to face inconvenience when approving each microloan.

For the full functioning of the future MFO, it is best to indicate in the documents the authorized capital, the size of which is at least 10% of the maximum planned loan.

Interaction with the tax office

In order to register with the relevant authorities as a legal entity, it is necessary to prepare a number of documents:

  1. Depending on the number of founders - a decision of one person or a protocol of a meeting of a group of persons confirming consent to state registration.
  2. Developed charter, which lists all the above points.
  3. Order approving the appointment of the general director.
  4. Completed and notarized application (form 11001).
  5. Receipt for payment of state duty.
  6. Application to receive a copy of the charter after its certification by the Federal Tax Service.

In general, the registration of MCC and MFO is no different from the procedure for creating any other organization: after a five-day period from the date of submission of all documents, the founders can receive all the documents necessary in such cases.

Why open a bank account

A legal entity that has barely completed registration has no right to engage in microcredit. First, you need to register an MFO in the register of the central bank. There is a fee for this procedure.

Attention! The state fee for registering an MFC with the Central Bank must be transferred from the account of the organization itself and will not be accepted in any other way!

That is why one of the items on the list of how to open a microfinance organization yourself is to create a bank account. The procedure also provides for a certain sequence of actions:

  • Choosing the bank that is most convenient for you;
  • Clarification of the terms of service and tariffs at which it will be provided;
  • Preparation of the necessary package of documents (copy of the adopted Charter, order conferring the powers of the General Director, extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities).

Different banks may have different conditions for opening an account: in some, when registering an MCC in 2017, like MFOs, they require you to provide notarized copies of documents, while in others this procedure is carried out directly on the spot.

Also, for those who are to register an MCC with the Central Bank (or MFO), it is mandatory to have the organization’s seal, so you should take care of its production in advance. After providing all the necessary documents, the general director remains to sign an agreement with the cash management department and issue a card, which will contain samples of the seal and signature.

After a short amount of time (usually no more than three days), the account necessary for those who are interested in how to open a microfinance organization will be created. The authority of the organization’s directorate does not include notifying any authorities about an open account - this obligation is assumed by the bank. After opening an account with the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, registration of the IFC can be considered completed; all that remains is to deposit into your account an amount sufficient to pay the state fee.

Completion of registration

Registration of a microfinance organization: what it is, how to ensure that everything goes well, how to avoid mistakes during registration - these and other questions are completely natural for those who are thinking about how to open a microfinance organization from scratch. The business plan has been drawn up, the main steps have been completed - what next? The last step remains: registration of microfinance organizations with the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. To do this you need:

  • Statement from the CEO in free form;
  • Statutory documents;
  • Order regulating the appointment of the general director;
  • Documents on state registration and registration;
  • Extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities certified by the director’s signature and seal;
  • Data on all persons who are the founders of the MFO;
  • Legal address of the body managing the company;
  • Receipt for payment of state duty.

In principle, you don’t have to perform any particularly complex manipulations. Of course, registering an MCC on a turnkey basis is much easier in terms of time costs than opening microloans from scratch, but self-registration of an MCC is more profitable in terms of cost for its owner. If you have carefully read how to open a microfinance organization, and the step-by-step instructions are clear to you, feel free to go through all the authorities. Another option is to open a microfinance organization as a franchise.

Franchise for opening an MFO

Considering all the innovations that have come into force in the last two years, it becomes clear that the procedure for opening an MFO and/or MCC has become more complicated. Even knowing how to open a microfinance organization, step-by-step instructions in 2017 have become much more complicated. A microfinance franchise may be a solution. Its advantages are obvious:

  1. No difficulties associated with completing the registration procedure.
  2. Full support both before the opening and during the work process.
  3. Possibility of selling the business if necessary.
  4. Minimizing the risk of loan defaults by submitting a request for the client’s solvency to the head office.
  5. Reducing advertising costs and additional employees.
  6. Cooperation with collection agencies who are not very willing to interact with those who decided to open an microfinance organization without investments.

There are still quite a lot of positive aspects of opening an MFO as a franchise, but everyone has the right to decide for themselves exactly what to do. If you are still in doubt about the best way to open an MFO, an online consultation with specialists on this issue can be an excellent option to make the right decision.

We told you about several ways to open microloans and make a profit from this type of business. Each of them has its pros and cons, and also differs in material and time costs. Having delved into all the nuances, you can make the choice that is most suitable for your situation.

How to open a microloan company and earn huge money on crazy interest rates? Most people think that this is very easy to do, but this is a misconception that has nothing to do with reality. Opening your own business providing microloans to the population from scratch is a very expensive and dubious “pleasure”.

How to open a microloan business? How do they make money here? Where to begin? What do you need to open? Where and how to register? Or maybe it would be better to open a franchise business? Answers to the most popular questions from readers in this article.

Business - payday microloans for the population

The essence of this business model is to lend your own or borrowed funds at interest. The main income consists of interest for the use of borrowed funds, which is accrued on the principal amount of the debt and paid by the borrower on the repayment date.

It is most profitable to issue short-term payday loans. The average interest rate for them is 2% per day, and for microloans for a long period - 0.5-1% per day. By issuing a microloan for a short period, the money can be returned faster and used to issue a new loan to another client. Thus, increasing profitability compared to providing long-term loans.

If we imagine that the average microfinance organization in a small town issues 15 microloans per day in the amount of 5,000 rubles for 10 days, then the organization’s net income per day will be 1,500 rubles, for 10 days - 15,000 rubles, for 30 days - 45,000 rubles. And these are the most modest calculations. In fact, even in small towns, potential borrowers continually turn to microfinance organizations in order to borrow money before payday.

How to open microloans? What do you need to open?

To open a microcredit organization from scratch, a significant investment will be required, and the procedure for registering an MFO will take about 1-2 months. If you calculate the most budget option for an offline microfinance organization in a small town on the periphery, then the approximate estimate will look like this:

  • Registration, state fees, specialist assistance (about 10 thousand rubles)
  • Office rent, minor cosmetic repairs - about 25-35 thousand rubles, subsequent rent of premises with monthly payment. A cheaper option is to place a sales counter in a large shopping center.
  • Purchase of equipment (tables, chairs, PCs and components, printer, scanner, etc.) is about 50 thousand rubles, if you save money and get everything in good condition.
  • Recruitment/salary. To reduce the cost of the enterprise as much as possible, you can get by with only manager-consultants who will play the role of cashier, security guard, security guard, and cleaner. Most often this is what happens in local microfinance organizations. The salary in a small peripheral city will be about 12-20 thousand rubles. for everyone.
  • Costs for an accountant. You can save here by hiring a part-time accountant and submitting papers to fill out immediately before sending reports to higher authorized bodies, the tax office, the Central Bank, etc. Such one-time work for an accountant will cost about 4-8 thousand monthly.
  • Everyday expenses. In addition to the main costs, the business owner faces small but very important monthly payments. This is payment of bills for the Internet and telephone communications (cellular and landline). This will cost an average of 1000-1500 rubles per month. Purchasing office supplies, refilling printer cartridges, etc. Depending on the rental conditions of the premises, there may be costs for electricity and water. Don’t forget about printing services (business cards, various forms, etc.) In general, about 3-5 thousand rubles will be spent on monthly needs.
  • A very important factor is verification of the borrower. Depending on the budget, the owner can use different verification methods:
  1. Scoring assessment is the most expensive option. You need to buy a licensed program and pay a lot of money for it.
  2. Requests to BKI and calls to contact persons. You can connect batch (wholesale) requests, or single ones. In the first case, the cost of the request varies from 150-200 rubles. and higher. In the second, the minimum is 250-300 rubles.
  3. Free request to the FSSP database and calls to contact persons. A free and most dangerous verification method for MFOs, which increases the percentage of loans issued to fraudsters and large debtors.

As a result, it turns out that opening the most budgetary microfinance organization in a small town on the periphery will cost the owner 125-135 thousand rubles. The amount is small, but it was formed without taking into account the creation and support of the site, without advertising, hotline operators, customer verification scoring system or paid requests to the BKI, security service, cashier, etc. With these components, creating an MFO would cost at least 3-4 times more than the minimum estimate.

Where and how to register?

The process of registering and obtaining MCC (microcredit organization) status is a painstaking and lengthy task that requires money, time and effort. First of all, the owner of a future business needs to draw up all the regulatory documents (charters, rules of provision, general terms of service, etc.) Documents need to be developed in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation and special federal laws (No. 151, 152, 230, 115, etc.). d.)

Then you need to decide on the legal form: LLC, JSC, etc. and register a legal entity with the tax office by paying a state fee (4,000 rubles). The list of required documents can be clarified at any branch of the Federal Tax Service. The registration procedure is standard, it takes 5 days, after which you can go for a certificate and other documents.

Next, you need to order a stamp and open a bank account. To do this, you need to select a suitable credit institution and familiarize yourself with the list of all necessary documents for opening a current account for legal entities. The account will be opened in approximately 2-5 days.

After this, you need to send a state duty to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in the amount of 1000 rubles from this organization’s current account. The state duty is paid for entering information about a legal entity into the state register of microcredit organizations. This is exactly what you need to write in the purpose of payment.

When the state duty is paid, you need to send a package of documents along with a receipt for payment of the duty to the Central Bank to obtain MCC status and be included in the list of financial market participants (MFO register). Within 14 days, the Central Bank's financial markets service must make a decision on whether to include the organization in the register or to refuse it.
As soon as information about the organization is added to the register, it will be able to provide microloans in cash at offices and points of sale.

Microloan franchises: which ones are there, which one to choose?

If your own strength is not enough to create an MFO from scratch, and the idea of ​​earning your first million by providing microloans does not leave you, then it is better to turn your attention to microloan franchises.

An alternative option for opening a microloan outlet would be a franchise of a microfinance organization. This is an excellent option for beginner businessmen with no experience and a great desire to do just this business.

A microloan franchise is the right to use the intellectual property (brand, logo, details, documents, conditions, etc.) of a large microfinance organization by its “little brother.” An aspiring entrepreneur pays money to the owner of a large microfinance organization for the right to open a microloan center that will operate under the brand of the “parent” organization. Moreover, the deal provides that the franchisee will comply with the charter and all regulatory documents of the franchisor.

Among the microfinance organizations that offer a franchise are: Money for You, Money before Payday, Momento Money, Miladenezhka, FastFinance, Convenient Money, Master Money, Migom Money and others.

Based on the terms of the franchise and customer reviews, the MFO FastMoney and Moneyman franchises receive very decent ratings. The anti-TOP included Money Before Payday and Momento Money.

5 reasons to work as a franchise

If you don’t have enough experience and money, and you don’t know how to open a microloan business from scratch, then it’s better to use a franchise. And that's why:

  1. Opening your own microfinance organization has become very difficult and costly, and maintaining it is even more difficult (document flow, reporting, Central Bank inspections, etc.)
  2. The assessment of the borrower will be carried out by the head office of the organization. There is no need to spend additional money on requests to BKI, calls to contacts, etc. Perhaps the franchisor has its own software or scoring program that additional franchise locations can use.
  3. The parent organization undertakes accounting and legal services. The franchisee saves on an accountant, security service, lawyer, etc.
  4. A recognizable and well-promoted brand, assistance in advertising. The owner of a new business needs to promote everything from scratch, but here you can use everything ready-made (layouts, training videos, a call center with free customer support, instructions for promoting on the Internet, via SMS, a guide on how to open a microloan center, etc. )
  5. After the Law “On Collectors” (Federal Law No. 230) comes into force, not a single collection organization will work with a small microfinance organization that issues loans only in one locality on the periphery. If you work with a franchisor, you will have access to the spacecraft with which the “big brother” cooperates.

Pawnbroker, moneylender, spider - as they called people who lend money at interest. Some with envy, and some with hatred, parting with their last property. But they agreed on one thing: such a business brings fabulous income to its owner! In the era of a developed banking sector, it is difficult to imagine that one could try to do something like this. But in vain, not so long ago in Russia, Federal Law No. 151 was adopted, regulating the activities of microfinance organizations (MFOs) and bringing illegal lenders out of the shadows. Let's take a closer look at whether it is profitable to lend in our time.

What it is?

MFO is a legal entity registered in one of the permitted forms of organization and entered into the State Register of MFOs. This business is registered when the issuance of loans is systematic, and the main income of the company is precisely this activity.
In addition, the official status allows you to attract investors who will at least invest 1.5 million rubles in the business (the lower limit by law). It will be possible to insure risks of non-repayment of loans. And the number of people willing to take out debt will increase, because legally operating companies are trusted more.

Shouldn't we create an MFO?

It will be more difficult to open a car wash than to register an microfinance organization. The activities of such organizations are not banking in the legal sense of the word, therefore they are not required to obtain licenses and have a multi-billion-dollar authorized capital. Only the reporting form is somewhat more complicated than the standard form for entrepreneurs.

As a form of organization, the legislator offers us a number of different options, but in the vast majority of microfinance organizations they register as LLCs. Therefore, the package of documents for submission to the tax office is exactly the same:

  • Statement;
  • Certificate of State registration of a legal entity;
  • Constituent documents;
  • The decision to create an organization and approve the constituent documents;
  • Decision on approval of the organization’s governing bodies;
  • Certificate of address of the organization;
  • Information about the founders;
  • Payment of state duty;
  • Extract from the Register of Foreign Legal Entities, if there are any among the founders.

The only thing is that after registration with the Federal Tax Service, you need to send an application with copies of the above documents to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (any nearest branch) with a request to include your organization in the unified register of microfinance organizations. By the way, according to the law, you must post the terms of the loan on the Internet, but it does not specify that you need to have your own website, so at first you can rent space on some third-party resource.
To start, rent 3-5 square meters in a shopping center (3,000 – 5,000 rubles in a regional center). Buy a table (from 2,000 rubles), a chair (from 700 rubles), a filing cabinet (from 3,000 rubles), an MFP (from 3,000 rubles) and bring a computer or laptop from home. As for advertising, everything is very individual; everyone has their own marketing budget. As you may have guessed, you will do the work of the director, accountant and one of the employees yourself. Since sometimes everyone needs to rest, we will hire a second employee. Qualification is not important here, you can take a 4th-5th year student at the institute, 15,000 rubles. he will be more than satisfied. As you can see, the starting capital for setting up a point is cheap. It is better to leave all other funds for loans, but you need to allocate at least 200,000 rubles for these purposes. Then by the end of the year you can get 1 million rubles, subject to a rate of 2% per day and a non-refund rate of 30%.

An auditor is coming to see us.

Currently, the microfinance market is very poorly regulated. The 151 federal laws do not stipulate strict sanctions against organizations, so many honest players complain about the large number of “illegals.” Although recently the Central Bank of the Russian Federation has been paying close attention to small competitors of banks. In the second and third quarters of 2014, the electronic form for receiving MFO reports should be debugged (personal account on the Central Bank website); from July of this year, Nabiullina’s subordinates will be able to limit the maximum rates on unsecured loans and borrowings. And inflated interest rates are the main bread of MFOs. It is also necessary to prepare a decision of the “General Meeting of Participants” (founders) for each loan equal to or more than 10% of the authorized capital.

In principle, MFOs can be audited in the same way as any other organization. That is, if an inspector finds violations of fire safety rules in the company’s office, the inspector may close your business.

On your own.

Debt collection is strongly associated with the “roaring nineties”. But lately the media has increasingly been full of reports about criminal methods of debt settlement. Bandits again? No, this time these are legal, officially registered lenders.


Any founder of an MFO initially includes in the business plan a 10% - 15% risk of loan non-repayment, and sometimes, by reducing the time for checking the debtor and increasing the speed of issuing money, even 30%! But, you see, even after calculating this situation, you want to return everything back. MFOs often do not have a staff of lawyers or funds for collection services, so they have to cope on their own. Well, we see what comes out of this in the news.
Large networks, along with banking institutions, prefer to resolve disputes with clients in a civilized manner: from bailiffs to debt collectors. The latter generally buy out debts from microfinance organizations, however, from 3% of the value of the amount of obligations. In 2013, the volume of repurchased debts increased by 66%! Considering the number of delays in such companies, cooperation with debt collectors will only strengthen.

High risk, high margin.

If in Moscow or St. Petersburg MFIs are not very noticeable, then in the regions they literally flood the streets. In some cities there are more “I’ll give you money” kiosks than flower stalls! Not only the ease of registration attracts new entrepreneurs to this business, but also high earnings. The average profit margin is 20%! What other type of activity can bring similar income with a minimum of investment? However, 10,000 rubles contributed to create an LLC is clearly not enough; to start working, about 500 thousand are required (according to the expert assessment of the Russian Microfinance Center). We should not forget about the high level of overdue debt among clients of such organizations.
The most important thing is to calculate in advance and understand what you will have to do. According to statistics, every tenth registered microfinance organization ultimately does not issue a single loan. A simple procedure for completing documents ensures the entry of many inexperienced businessmen into the market, who, due to strong competition and lack of working capital, quickly leave the microfinance sector. Some go bankrupt due to the development of an ineffective network of branches instead of one successfully operating office.


In light of the cleansing of the financial market and tightening of legislation, now is not the best time to create an MFO. If you are confident in yourself and potential investors are lined up, I advise you to organize a business as a franchise of any federal network. By the way, you don’t have to wait for a benefactor with 1.5 million. You can create a pool of small investors who transfer funds to one of them, who will enter into a loan agreement. It’s even better if he is an individual entrepreneur, then, being on the “simplified tax”, he will have to deduct not 13% (income), but 6% of the interest. Try it, don’t be afraid to take risks, because moneylenders have always lived richly.

  • Which franchise to choose
  • Business registration
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  • What documents are needed
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According to experts, the microfinance industry remains attractive for investment, despite the fact that the demand for loans has decreased slightly compared to 2013-2014 (the “golden time” of microfinance organizations). The population still needs quick loans, which is called paycheck to paycheck. Even all the crisis phenomena that are observed in the country do not interfere with the development of this business. Many large network players, having saturated the capital market to the limit, are already expanding into the regions...

About the microfinance organization

It is worth saying that before 2014, it was much easier to open your own microfinance organization, and in general it was much easier for such a business to exist. Everything changed after the Central Bank assumed control over the activities of microfinance organizations. Regulatory requirements intensified (the so-called mega-regulator was created) and “weak” and not entirely honest MFOs began to close in the mass country.

Which franchise to choose

Interest in this industry on the part of small business representatives is due to the fact that the process of opening an organization looks quite simple. If you don’t want to deal with all the issues yourself and get involved in an “incomprehensible market,” then you can purchase a ready-made business model. Thus, today there are dozens of proposals for opening an MFO under a franchising agreement (for example, “Master Money” or “Home Money”). In fact, only three main components are required from an entrepreneur: 1. The desire to engage in this business 2. The premises where the office will be located (can be rented) 3. Capital to start the business. Everything else, including the “paperwork” for registering an MFO, personnel training, marketing and other issues, is taken over by the main enterprise or the franchisor. Naturally, franchising involves some dependence on the main enterprise, but, you see, the chances of success increase sharply.

Business registration

The activities of MFOs are regulated by Federal Law No. 151-FZ “On microfinance activities and microfinance organizations.” It describes in detail the basic requirements and rules for the functioning of such organizations. Thus, according to the law, a microfinance organization can issue loans to the population only up to 1 million rubles, no more. Registration of an MFO is essentially no different from opening a regular LLC (individual entrepreneur is not suitable in this case). Registration takes place at the same Federal Tax Service Inspectorate (tax). However, in order for the work of an MFO to be considered legal, it will also be necessary to join the state. register of microfinance organizations. This procedure takes place through the Ministry of Finance. To join the register, you will need to provide the following documents: application, certificate of State registration of a legal entity, constituent documents, decision to create an organization and approve constituent documents, decision to approve the management bodies of the organization, certificate of address of the organization, information about the founders, payment of state duty . If you start work without joining the register (that is, simply registering with the Federal Tax Service), this will result in a fine of 30 thousand rubles. according to Article 15.26.1 of the Administrative Code. Loans can be issued to persons aged 18 to 6 years, subject to the provision of a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation. The maximum loan amount for most organizations is 15,000 rubles. The average loan interest is 2% per day.

How much money do you need to invest to open a microfinance organization?

The law does not prohibit opening with minimal investments (it’s not like opening a bank). In fact, you can start work “from scratch” with an authorized capital of 10,000 rubles. However, it is worth considering this important point. The fact is that every transaction in the amount of 10% or more of the book value of assets is subject to mandatory approval at the general meeting of participants. In other words, if you have a capital of 10,000 rubles, then you will have to approve each loan for 1,000 rubles. and more. Not an option! Therefore, market players recommend starting a business with a minimum capital of 500,000 - 700,000 rubles. This amount will be enough not only to renovate the premises and register an LLC, but also to create that very “safety cushion” and will increase the organization’s capabilities. As premises for locating MFOs, they most often select space in office centers in the central part of the city. The average size of the room is 25 - 35 square meters. m. Rent depending on the region is 20 - 50 thousand rubles. per month. The office of a microfinance organization is equipped with furniture and office equipment (printers, computers, faxes, telephones), consumables and office supplies are purchased. Personnel required primarily include account managers, a lawyer, a debtor relations manager, security officers and an accountant. The approximate wage fund is 100 - 150 thousand rubles. per month.

How much can you earn from microfinance organizations?

If you issue an average of 20 loans per day in the amount of 3000 rubles. at 2% for 14 days, then in a month you can earn about 250 - 300 thousand rubles. Of these, “net” (minus rent, wages and advertising expenses) will be 100 - 150 thousand rubles. This takes into account the fact that 15 - 20% of loans issued will not be returned on time and will be sold to collectors. If 700-900 thousand rubles were spent on opening an MFO, then the investment pays off in less than a year.

"Underwater rocks"

Two main risks can be identified when conducting such activities: 1. High administrative liability (fines, constant control by the state, introduction of new laws) 2. Risk of non-repayment of loans provided. The first point is quite difficult to deal with, but the second is quite possible. The problem of collecting overdue debt is, perhaps, the very “stumbling block” that stands in the way of building a profitable business on loans. Because finding a client and issuing loans is not so difficult (due to the general economic situation in the country). It is much more difficult to return the loan provided and the interest earned. Therefore, the opening of an MFO must be accompanied by a clear study of all documents directly related to working with loans. A competent lawyer on staff is a vital necessity. To reduce the risk of non-repayment of loans, it is necessary to introduce a serious unit for working with overdue debt. What methods can help here:

  • High-quality initial consultation on the issue of loan repayment at the stage of its provision.
  • Development of a system of reminders about overdue debt. You can use cheap SMS, and also hire a special person who will call debtors.
  • Implementation of a system for working with debtors who have financial problems.
  • Introduction of a system of working with responsible borrowers (providing additional bonuses, reducing interest rates, etc.)

It is recommended to limit the period of self-collection of debt to 1 month. This period is enough to understand the real reason for the problem of loan non-repayment. In the future, such debtors should be transferred to a collection company - debt collection specialists. There are many benefits from working with debt collectors: 1. You save money on maintaining your own debt collection service. 2. Transfer some of the negative aspects of your work to a third-party organization 3. Collectors are professionals in this field, so debt collection from them is much more efficient.

Step-by-step business plan: where to start

It is better to start opening a financial organization with a detailed business plan, in which you need to calculate what capital investments you will need, how much money you will need to spend on loans, how much will be spent on purchasing equipment, rent, staff salaries and an advertising campaign. Then you will need:

  • register a business,
  • obtain MFO status;
  • choose office space;
  • recruit staff:
  • organize an advertising campaign.

What equipment is needed for microfinance organizations

The same equipment and inventory is suitable for MFIs as for a regular office. You will need: computers and office equipment, computer tables, chairs, telephones; shelves or rack. All costs will cost no more than 100,000.

What documents are needed

An MFO can only be registered as a legal entity. To do this, you will need: a decision to establish an MFO as an LLC, the organization’s charter, documents on payment of state duty, an order to appoint a director with the responsibilities of a chief accountant. Main OKVED code 64.92.7 - “Microfinance activities”. When submitting registration documents to the Federal Tax Service, you can choose the simplified tax system or the OSN. Apart from registering and obtaining the status of a microfinance organization, no additional documents are required.