American transnational a corporation investing in Internet search, cloud computing and advertising technologies. Google maintains and develops a range of Internet services and products and generates revenue primarily from advertising through its AdWords program. Has more 49,829 employees worldwide.

Google operates more than a million servers in data centers around the world and processes more than one billion search queries and 24 petabytes of user data every day. Six out of ten people online use Googlesearch; Google's rapid growth since its founding has led to the emergence of a large number of products not directly related to the company's main product, the search engine. Google has such online products as the Gmail email service and the Google+ social network.

Because of Google operates in many areas of the economy, the company operates under great pressure from competition. For example, in the market for device production and OS development, the main competitors are companies such as, Apple, Facebook, Microsoft etc. In the direction of search engines then Yahoo!, Baidu, Bing, Yandex.

II.Key indicators of Goole Inc.

III.History of the creation of Google

Google started in January 1996 as a research project Larry Page And Sergei Brin, who were then studying at Stanford University in California.

Although conventional search engines back then sorted search results based on how many times search terms were mentioned on a page, Page and Brin were thinking about a better system that would analyze the relationships between sites. They called this new technology PageRank, the relevance of a site in it is determined by the number and importance of pages that link to the site

The company was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin on September 4, 1998, the office was located in Menlo Park, California, USA. It is believed that the founders of the company received the first check from investors for , and they had to name the company they were creating just like that.

The advertising company later stated that it was chosen to show that the search engine wanted to provide people with more information. Google originally operated on the Stanford University website and had the domain google.stanford.edu.

Domain name for Google was registered September 15, 1997, and the company was registered on September 4, 1998. It was located in the garage of a friend of the founders (Susan Wojcicki) in Menlo Park, California. Craig Silverstein, their classmate, was hired as their first employee.

Google- distorted spelling of an English word googol (googol), coined by Milton Sirotta, nephew of the American mathematician Edward Kasner, to represent a number consisting of one and one hundred zeros. The company's stated mission from the very beginning has been to "organize the world's information and make it accessible and useful to everyone," and the company's unofficial slogan, coined by Google engineer Paul Buchheit: " Don't be evil"(English: Don’t be evil).

IV.Company activities

In addition to regular search, Google offers a number of services and tools for various needs.

Most of them are web applications that only require the user to have a browser running them and an Internet connection. This allows you to use data anywhere in the world and not be tied to one computer. The advantages of Google services and tools are the presence of a centralized data storage and a well-thought-out interface.

Google services and tools

Google Services

Tools

• Chromium is an open source web browser developed by Google and Opera.
• Google Chrome- a browser developed by Google based on the free Chromium browser, equipped with a number of non-free elements and components responsible for collecting information about the pages visited.
• Google Code- a site for developers interested in developing open source software related to Google products. The site contains source codes and a list of their services with a public API.
• Project Hosting- free specialized hosting of GPL projects and other free projects.
• Google Pack- an installation package that combines packages for a number of Google products (Google Earth, Picasa, Google Desktop, etc.) and several third-party products (Mozilla Firefox, Adobe Reader, etc.).
• Google Deskbar- places Google search on the desktop.
• Google Desktop- a search tool on the user's computer. The program is installed locally and indexes email messages, text documents, Microsoft Office documents, AOL Instant Messanger discussions, web browser browsing history, PDF documents, music files, images, video files.
• Google Earth- a model of planet Earth created using satellite images.
• Picasa- a program for working with digital photos, integrated with Google Blogger, Gmail and Google Plus.
• Hello- an add-on for Picasa that allows you to share your photos with friends without using a website or email. Images are sent directly from one client to another.
• Google Toolbar- an extension for Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox browsers, which is a panel of the Google search service and performs a number of additional functions.
• Google Web Accelerator- a program that speeds up the browser by caching and pre-downloading information that may be of interest to the user. The program uses proxy servers owned by Google.
• Freebase is a large collaborative knowledge base containing metadata collected primarily by the community

OS

• Android Wear is a modified lightweight version of a mobile OS designed for wearable electronics: watches, glasses, etc.
• Android is an operating system for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers.
• Google Chrome OS - Google's Linux-like operating system is designed exclusively for working with web applications. Works on Chromebooks and Chromebox nettops, the first of which (Samsung Series 3) was released in May 2012.
• Google TV is a software and hardware platform for set-top boxes and HDTVs based on Android OS.

Hardware

• Google Search Appliance is a hardware/software solution designed for a corporate Internet network. This device periodically scans and indexes documents (up to 500,000 documents in the base model) for search, on internal or external corporate websites or other web-accessible resources.
• Google Mini- a mini version of the Search Appliance, called Google Mini and intended for small and medium-sized companies. The base model of the device indexes 100,000 documents. In January 2006, two more models were offered, for 200,000 and for 300,000 documents. Additionally, a 50,000 document model was announced on March 2, 2006.
• Google Fiber- Google's project to provide high-speed Internet access. Those. Google becomes a provider.

• Google Glass- a headset (or a wearable computer, which is somewhat closer to the functional set of the device) for smartphones based on Android and iOS, developed by Google.

Ten Basic Principles

Interesting facts about the creation and development of Google! Share with friends.

Find it on Google, Google it, Google will help you - these and many other modern catchphrases entered our lives thanks to the fact that almost 20 years ago two graduate students at Stanford University decided to defend a scientific project by creating a search engine.

The history of the creation of Google is truly unusual, but even more interesting are the fathers of this corporation, who brought their brainchild to the top.

Google or what happened before its birth?

Researchers believe that Google company began its rapid progress in 1995, when an American of Russian origin, Sergei Brin, a student at Stanford University, decided to give a tour of its territory for a group of students.

Another talented American, Larry Page, accidentally got into this group.

The dispute that began over a trifle turned first into a strong friendship, and then into fruitful cooperation.

A year later, two friends, and part-time young ambitious graduate students, decided to conquer the teachers with their research project - the PageRank search engine.

The search engines that existed before did an extremely poor job of bringing texts that contained the most keywords to first place.

Often, absolutely useless texts, thanks to spam (a bunch of keywords thrown in at the right place and out of place) were given out as the first number in the search engine...

P.S. I know that many will not understand what “keywords” are, so I strongly recommend opening a Google search engine and writing “what are keywords”! 🙂

Larry Page decided that he needed to act differently and took as an analogy the acquisition of authority in academia.

The better the scientist, the more unique scientific texts he has written, the more often his colleagues use his articles in their works, that is, they refer to them.

The search engine PageRank acted in the same way: ranking was done not due to the number of keywords, but due to the quality of the texts themselves and the number of links to them as the primary source.

This approach was a revolution: users could find information using a qualitative rather than quantitative algorithm.

Google Company - a brilliant history of creation

There was already an excellent search engine, but we needed to come up with a short and memorable name for it.

After going through about fifty options, Page and Brin chose the modified term “googol” (a huge number: 1 with a hundred zeros).

In 1997, all Stanford students and teachers already used the new search system, appreciating its convenience.

The original and so beloved design of the main page (multi-colored letters on a white background) is not the result of long work by a team of designers, but a product of the lack of money of future... 😎

They really didn’t have the money to hire even a bad designer, so they did it on their own, making it “simple and tasteful.”

The history of the creation of Google was coming to its logical conclusion.

But the newborn search engine’s ascent to the top was just beginning.

The further history of the development of Google...

1998 was a pretty good year for Larry Page and Sergey Brin.

They registered Google Inc., rented their first office (so what if it was a garage!), hired 3 employees and received a check for $100 thousand from Andy Bechtolsteim.

• Winter 1999 - moving to Palo Alto and hiring 8 employees.
• Fall 1999 – Purchase of our own office space in Mountain View.
• 2000 – signing of an agreement with the largest American corporation specializing in Internet services Yahoo.
• 2001 – conquest of South America.
• 2002 – conquest of Sydney (I remind you for the poor students that this is Australia).
• 2003 – acquisition of the well-known US publishing service Blogger.

But the most important year in the history of the creation of Google was 2004, when the shares of an actively developing company were floated on the stock market for the first time, making its creators billionaires.

How is Google doing today?

Despite the fact that Larry Page and Sergey Brin became billionaires in the early 2000s, they were not going to rest on their laurels.

The programmers decided not to limit the activities of their corporation to one search engine, introducing more and more new products.

Today we enjoy using such services as Gmail email, the Google+ social network, Google Docs (a program for convenient work with documents), Picasa, a service for processing and publishing photos on the Internet, and many others.

Google Company is an English-language service, however, thanks to specially written algorithms, it searches in living and living languages, and in dead ones (Latin), and in artificial ones (such as Esperanto).

This search engine is used by residents of all countries without exception.

His popularity breaks all records.

And on major national holidays and birthdays of famous personalities, the design of the Google logo is updated: pictures and animation appear.

And if you hover over the logo, you can read what date is celebrated today, and if you also click on it, the search will return links with information.

By the way, an excellent opportunity for self-education.

A few words about the creators of Google...

Sergey Brin (08/21/1973, Moscow, USSR) was born into a family of mathematicians of Jewish nationality.

His parents took him to the USA at the age of five, for which Sergei is very grateful to them (he said this in more than one interview).

He graduated from school, then entered Stanford, where he and Larry Page began creating their own.

In 2006, he married a talented scientist and biologist Anna Wojcicki, with whom he had two children: a boy and a girl.

Larry Page (03/26/1973, Lansing, Michigan, USA) was born into a family of programming teachers. He received his bachelor's degree from Michigan State University and his master's degree from Stanford.

One of (14th line on the Forbes list). Married to the smart (bioinformatics PhD student) and beautiful (gorgeous blonde) Lucy Southworth.

Both lead a fairly modest lifestyle, despite the billions in their accounts.

interesting facts about the creation and development of Google.

…feed our brain only with useful things!

As you can see, History of creation Google quite interesting and, like all unique discoveries, full of surprises.

We are certainly grateful to Larry Page and Sergey Brin for such a wonderful search engine.

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The Google story begins in 1995 at Stanford University. Larry Page was considering Stanford for grad school and Sergey Brin, a student there, was assigned to show him around.

By some accounts, they disagreed about nearly everything during that first meeting, but by the following year they struck a partnership. Working from their dorm rooms, they built a search engine that used links to determine the importance of individual pages on the World Wide Web. They called this search engine Backrub.

Soon after, Backrub was renamed by Google (phew). The name was a play on the mathematical expression for the number 1 followed by 100 zeros and aptly reflected Larry and Sergey"s mission “to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful.”

Over the next few years, Google caught the attention of not only the academic community, but Silicon Valley investors as well. In August 1998, Sun co-founder Andy Bechtolsheim wrote Larry and Sergey a check for $100,000, and Google Inc. was officially born. With this investment, the newly incorporated team made the upgrade from the dorms to their first office: a garage in suburban Menlo Park, California, owned by Susan Wojcicki (employee #16 and now CEO of YouTube). Clunky desktop computers, a ping pong table, and bright blue carpet set the scene for those early days and late nights. (The tradition of keeping things continues to this day.)

Even in the beginning, things were unconventional: from Google’s initial server (made of Lego) to the first “Doodle” in 1998: a stick figure in the logo announcing to site visitors that the entire staff was playing hooky at the Burning Man Festival. “Don't be evil” and “ The ten things we know to be true” captured the spirit of our intentionally unconventional methods. In the years that followed, the company expanded rapidly - hiring engineers, building a sales team, and introducing the first company dog, Yoshka. Google outgrew the garage and eventually moved to its current headquarters (a.k.a. “The Googleplex”) in Mountain View, California. The spirit of doing things differently made the move. So did Yoshka.

The relentless search for better answers continues to be at the core of everything we do. Today, with more than 60,000 employees in 50 different countries, Google makes hundreds of products used by billions of people across the globe, from YouTube and Android to Smartbox and, of course, Google Search. Although we’ve ditched the Lego servers and added just a few more company dogs, our passion for building technology for everyone has stayed with us - from the dorm room, to the garage, and to this very day.

StoryGoogle began in 1996 as a research project by two Stanford students - Larry Page And Sergei Brin. Colleagues and friends at that moment were working on the SDPL project - the Stanford Digital Library. They developed the most convenient, universal digital library, which was supposed to be unified.

The official history of Google as a company began September 4, 1998, when Page and Brin officially registered their creation in their friend Susan Wojcicki's garage in California.

Brief background

In the 2 years since the start of joint activities at Stanford and before the registration of Google Inc. Larry and Sergey have done a lot of work in the IT industry. One more search engine was not enough, a breakthrough was needed, and friends did it.

In 1996, Larry Page was choosing a topic for his dissertation. His choice, on the advice of Professor Terry Winograd, fell on identifying and structuring the influence of external links on a particular resource. This became the prototype of Page Rank (PR), one of the factors thanks to which Google gained leadership in its field.

BackRub

After Larry decided on a topic for his dissertation, he began a scientific project that went down in history as “ BackRub” . It was at this moment that Sergey Brin joined him.

Page Rank

In March 1996, for the first time, a search engine began indexing pages on the World Wide Web from Larry's home page at Stanford.

In order to better display the results of this indexing, friends developed an algorithm Page Rank, which took into account the authority of the page under study based on the number and quality of external hyperlinks to it from other pages.

The beginning of a unique search engine

Realizing that they were getting better results than other search engines thanks to their algorithm, Page and Brin actually made a revolution in the history of search engines. This is what gave birth to Google, a world-famous company.

At the beginning of its work, the Google search engine was located on the Stanford University website at - google.stanford.edu

Domain name google. com was registered September 15, 1997. "Googol" is a number equal to one followed by one hundred zeros.

Attitude to advertising

Colleagues did not want to turn their brainchild into a billboard with all sorts of pop-up windows and graphic advertising banners. They even wrote a scientific paper on this topic in 1998.

Until now, Google's interface is the most simple and “easy”, allowing it to load faster in the user's browser. Among the advertisements in search results, you can currently only find text advertisements (contextual advertising based on keywords), which first appeared in the search engine in 2000.

The beginning of the history of Google Inc.

Having received the first funding from Andy Bechtolsteim at the rate of $100,000, Larry Page and Sergey Brin officially registered Google Inc. – the history of the beginning of the number 1 search engine in the world began on September 4, 1998 and continues to this day.

By the end of that year, Google's crawler had indexed more than 60 million pages on the Internet. Its advantage over analogues has become generally recognized. At the peak "dot-com bubble" In the stock market, Google already had a huge lead over its competitors, being a private company.

Sales attempt

In 1999, Larry and Sergei realized that the company had so absorbed them that it was clearly interfering with their studies at the university. It was decided to sell to Google for 1 million dollars. The offer was made George Bell, who runs Excite, but he backed out of the deal.

Public IPO of Google Inc.

One of the significant days in the history of Goggle Inc. became August 19, 2004, when the company entered the NASDAQ stock exchange and became public.

Google offered investors 19,605,052 shares at a price of $85 per share. The shares were sold through an online auction of a unique format, organized by the banks that underwrote the transaction. Morgan Stanley And Credit Suisse.

IPO proceeds of $1.67 billion meant Google's market capitalization was more than $23 billion. The vast majority of the shares remained in the company's control, and many of its employees instantly became millionaire stockholders. Yahoo!, a Google competitor, also benefited because it owned 8.4 million Google shares before the IPO. As of February 2014, the corporation's capitalization amounted to over 400 billion dollars!

In addition to being sold on the American market (NASDAQ stock exchange) under the ticker GOOG, the corporation is sold on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and has the ticker GGQ1 there.

Reorganization at Alphabet

After the Google Reorganization Alphabet in October 2015, all shares of the first were converted into shares of the second. They continue to trade on NASDAQ as GOOGL and GOOG ( class A- GOOGL, - with one vote, and class C- GOOG, - no voting rights).

Owners

There are also promotions class B, giving their owners 10 votes. The only holders of this class of shares are Google founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin, as well as the former CEO of the company Eric Schmidt.

Google services and acquisitions

Over its history, Google has acquired many companies, some of which have become the basis of the corporation's modern services. Some of them became Google subsidiaries, and some of them became independent branches.

Here are some of them:

GooglePlanetEarth– a service based on the startup Keyhole, Inc., purchased in 2004, whose product was then called Earth Viewer. The service stores photographs of our planet taken from a satellite.

YouTube– the most popular video hosting and search engine No. 3 in the world, purchased by the corporation in 2006 for $1.65 billion.

GoogleVoice– made on the foundation of the purchased company GrandCentral. The transaction amount, which took place in 2007, was $50 million.

Other popular services and products

Among Google's many developments, the most popular are Gmail(Post service), Google Maps(the most recognized integrated application is Google Maps), GoogleDocs(a worthy cloud replacement for office programs from), browser GoogleChrome with a wonderful bookmark synchronization function, operating system Android for smartphones and many others.

Partnerships and sponsorships

In addition to its own developments and acquisitions of companies for its own needs, Google’s management is always open to cooperation and even sponsorship with other companies in a variety of fields of science and production: ecology, space exploration, medicine, IT, automobile production (), smartphones, etc.

Today, Google, under the wing of Alphabet, is one of the leading companies in the IT industry. The history of Google continues and many more useful services and products from this company may be waiting for us.

Which Google products and services do you like best and why? Write about it in the comments below. If you liked this article, share it on social media. networks with your friends and subscribers.

• Android operating system for mobile devices.
• Google Play is an application server for the Android system.
• Gmail is an email client.
• GoogleDrive – cloud storage.
• Picassa is a photo editing platform.
• Blogger is a platform for creating blogs.

The concern, which is currently called Alphabet, includes the following companies:

• Google Inc. – Internet services, applications, gadgets, etc.
• Google Fiber is a broadband Internet access provider.
• NestLabs – smart homes and housing technologies.
• Calico is a life extension program.

• Google Capital is an investment company.
• Google Venture is a venture fund.
• Google X is a software developer.
• Google Verily is a health research center.

In 2014, Google officially became part of Alphabet Inc., which united under its leadership other assets managed by the same founders. The consolidation of all services, projects and subsidiaries was carried out for transformation and convenience in management, as well as to minimize the possibility of a raider takeover. As of the end of 2016, Alphabet became the most valuable company in the world. The company's market capitalization has exceeded half a trillion dollars. CEO of Alphabet Inc. Sundar Pichai was appointed. Sergey Brin and Larry Page retained their rights as CEOs of the conglomerate and own the majority of the company's shares.

Google/Alphabet shares

By mid-2007, the price of Google shares increased from 85 to $300, in 2013 the price was already more than $500, and at the current moment in early 2017, the mark of $850 per share was reached, which is ten times more than the initial value 13 years ago.

Since the reorganization of Alphabet, new shares have been introduced to the exchange, which can be viewed using the ticker GOOG. Legacy shares under the ticker GOOGL are also available on the exchange. Both types of shares are traded on the NASDAQ exchange. There are currently 515,912,000 shares outstanding.

After the introduction of the ALPHABET concern and the structural reorganization, several types of shares were introduced into the company.

• The first type - shares that are traded under the ticker GOOGL, are standard securities that provide voting rights to its holder and receive standard dividend payments. These shares are referred to as type A.
• Type C shares are always a little cheaper because they are purely speculative and do not provide any voting power to their holders. They are also publicly traded and trade under the new ticker symbol GOOG. The company rewards its employees with such shares, gifts them to partners, and is used as a payment instrument when acquiring startups.
• There is also a third type of shares, which is designated type B. They are not listed on the stock exchange and there are an order of magnitude fewer of them than type A and C shares combined - only 52 million type B shares are issued. However, these shares have the same weight and even slightly more, like the total share of all A and C, since they are equal to 10 votes. Shares of this type are concentrated in the hands of the founders Brin and Page in predominant quantities, as well as certain shares in some friends and partners, including Schmidt and Pichai.

Such division of shares is protection against raider takeover and transfer of the controlling stake into the hands of one shareholder or group of shareholders. Thus, Page and Brin retained more than 60% ownership of the company, as well as decisive voting rights in all projects.

If some large investor begins to buy shares of type A, then even after completing what he started to the end, he will not be able to compete with shareholders who own securities of type C.

In general, A and C shares are fairly similar, especially for speculative purposes. Both options have high liquidity with daily volume of just over 2 million shares and average earnings per share of $28. That is why most speculators prefer to purchase new shares of type C. They have the same properties, are quite liquid and at the same time cost a few dollars less.

Benefits of Google Stock

Investors around the world continue to buy and invest in the company, since the directors and CEO have proven in practice that they know how to manage such a corporation and know where they are heading. Since the company entered the stock exchange, the price for shares has not fallen below the initial level, and there have been no significant drops in value. At the same time, quotes continue to grow every year.

Taking into account the thoughtfulness and caution of the company's owners, one can be confident in eliminating the possibility of takeovers or other problems in the company's administration. Active sponsorship of programmers and startups, as well as the constant implementation of new projects ensures constant growth in the company's profits.

Despite the fact that Google shares are already worth 10 times more than since the IPO, investors and analysts believe that the value will continue to rise and that long-term investment in the company is the right decision in any case.

How to buy Google shares?

To purchase Google shares, you need to open a brokerage account with a company that provides brokerage - access to a limited list of shares of American markets. There are many brokers in the Russian Federation that have this functionality. You can also open an account with an American brokerage company and buy shares directly on the NASDAQ exchange.

In any case, you should understand that opening an account is a very long and routine procedure, especially in foreign companies. You will need to prepare and provide a lot of documents. You also need to understand that purchasing Google shares will require an impressive amount of funds, given the high price of the shares.