Resale of grain. Reselling grain: how and how much you can earn. How to make money on the “ruthless” grain market Business plan for the purchase and sale of grain

Friends, I greet you! Today we will look at what grain trading is as a business. You can do this business without any initial capital at all, but the profit is very good.

The business plan for the resale of grain is as follows. First, you need to search the Internet for farmers and agricultural enterprises that grow grain and are located in your area.

We need to find as many points as possible where we can purchase grain. After that, start monitoring the market, find out what people are buying and selling goods for this year.

Once you have figured out the prices, you can start calling small farmers first and find out how much they can sell goods in bulk. When you find a suitable price, arrange a meeting with the entrepreneur.

When you arrive at the farm, you will need to sign an agency agreement; download it from the Internet. And be sure to have the contract certified by a lawyer.

In the contract, discuss your percentage of grain sales. There must be a clause that states that the seller cannot independently sell the goods to the buyer you bring. Otherwise, a fine of at least 100 thousand rubles must be imposed.

After concluding such an agreement, your client will not be able to directly buy grain from the farmer. If you don’t protect yourself, then everyone will make the next purchase without your knowledge.

And so, the agreement has been concluded, now let the farmer show where his grain is stored. On site, you will need to take samples from different sides of the storage facility and make an examination.

For examination, you will go to the nearest elevator, and for 200 rubles they will tell you all the parameters of the grain. Then you can look for a buyer.

Also, via the Internet, start looking for who can buy grain at a more expensive price. Contact the future buyer and tell them the grain parameters and your price. If you add 1 ruble per kilogram, you will get 1000 rubles per ton.

Usually they buy 30-60 tons - that’s one or two KAMAZ trucks with a trailer. Thus, your profit from one sale will be 30 - 60 thousand rubles immediately. Transportation is always paid separately by the buyer.

In a month, it’s possible to make an average of 5 such sales and earn 150 – 300 thousand rubles without any investment. How do you like your friends? such a business?

When you find a buyer, arrange a meeting with the seller on neutral territory, for example, in some roadside cafe. You connect a farmer with a buyer, take your money and go home, this is how grain trading is like a business, there is nothing complicated.

Perhaps the situation will be this way: the buyer sends you with the cars to the seller, and you control the shipment and delivery of the cargo. The money is either transferred by bank transfer or will be with you immediately, but here the buyer must trust you.

The main thing is to get started and grain trading as a business will be clear and simple for you. This wholesale business is interesting, you just need to get involved and everything will go like clockwork.

In the future, you can sell not only grain, but also other goods that farmers grow. For example, corn, sunflower seeds, beets, potatoes, and so on.

You won’t need any individual entrepreneur here, but if you want to sell by railcar to other regions, then you will need to create either an individual entrepreneur or an LLC, see for yourself which is more suitable.

Any entrepreneur who wants to open a grain business thinks about whether it is profitable to engage in this type of business today. To make a profit in this type of activity, you need to consider several important factors and make a plan.

Why processing?

To date, a very unfavorable situation has developed for agricultural producers, especially in the segment of the agro-industrial market that concerns grain crops. The essence of the problem is that almost three quarters of irrecoverable grain losses are due to the low quality of their processing after harvesting, and often the complete absence of any processing. Growing grain crops in itself is a technically complex matter, but often the special equipment necessary for processing is not even available in some large agricultural enterprises, let alone individual entrepreneurs (farmers). This suggests that most manufacturers in this area do not have a well-developed business plan.

What primary processing processes are meant? First of all, we are talking about grain drying and cleaning. Agricultural producers are often simply unable to afford this expensive equipment, or they simply “simplify” the production process by saving on these stages.

This seriously affects the price of the final product. Grain that is not dried on time is classified as feed, and not as food; its cost on the agro-industrial market is reduced by an average of 600 rubles per ton.

What does this lead to? Of course, this will lead to higher prices for grain and products made from it, including bread.

In this regard, starting your own business for processing grain seeds will be very profitable if you draw up a competent business plan and establish the correct production process.

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Registration and credits

If you already have a business plan, then you should start by registering your business. Registration of an agricultural enterprise is carried out in accordance with Art. 51 of the Civil Code, as well as the Federal Law “On State Registration of Legal Entities”.

You should not forget that Russia provides support for agro-industrial enterprises at the state level in order to make the cultivation of grain crops and their processing profitable. Such programs are implemented, as a rule, at the federal, regional, and sometimes at the local levels. you will be able to receive a preferential loan or specific assistance to expand the collateral base, which will make it possible to obtain much more significant borrowed funds. A good option would be to provide preferential terms for leasing agricultural equipment.

Some banks, for example Rosselkhozbank, have their own programs for preferential lending to agricultural enterprises. Borrowed funds here are issued to business entities and farmers if they have a business plan. You can get a loan of up to 3 million rubles for a period of 3 years without collateral, and in this case your spouse can act as a guarantor.

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What tools do we need to get started?

As practice shows, in order to start a business, a high-quality plan and relatively small capital investments are required, as well as competent investments in grain processing in order to receive a decent income without producing anything other than grain drying and cleaning services.

In many localities in Russia, agricultural structures left over from bankrupt enterprises are currently standing idle. Renting or purchasing an elevator that has become unnecessary will not require large investments. But you will need funds to bring this structure into proper technical condition, so this should also be included in the business plan. Do not forget that this business is one of the most profitable in the field of food production, so all your investments will quickly pay off. Moreover, this does not mean the cultivation of grain crops, but only the processing of raw materials. Your business plan should take into account that the profitability of this type of business activity may be higher than that of organizations specializing in the sale of grain or manufacturers of finished bakery products.

After this necessary agricultural structure has been purchased, care should be taken to purchase equipment.

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What equipment will we need?

Equipment will be needed for drying grain, since this is the main operation of the primary processing of grain seeds. To do this, we need to purchase a stationary sectional dryer. This equipment is often universal; it can be suitable not only for grain crops, but also for legumes and grasses. In terms of the fuel used, the dryer can also be called universal - it runs on gas, liquid and solid fuel and electricity. A sectional dryer costs on average about 1 million rubles.

The productivity of this equipment at normal moisture content of the raw materials will be about 40 tons of dried grain per day. When starting your own business in this area and drawing up a business plan, you need to calculate how many dryers you will need, taking into account the volume of revenue. It is necessary to provide space for the installation of additional equipment for drying grain seeds, since dryers have a significant advantage, expressed in the absence of restrictions on the number of lines in the production complex. In this regard, no problems with connecting dryers should arise.

For further processing of grain seeds, you will need a cleaning complex, which is represented by units capable of carrying out preliminary, primary and secondary processing of grain. Dry grains that pass through cleaning machines are removed from impurities and, if necessary, calibrated, resulting in high-quality grain or high-quality seed material, because, as is known, only the largest grains are used for seeds.

However, it’s not even a matter of calibration, since grain purified from foreign impurities is considered to be of higher quality and, accordingly, when sold, you can earn much more for it than for uncleaned grain. If we talk about the productivity of grain cleaning machines, the spread, depending on the type of equipment, is 25-60 tons per hour. The cost of grain cleaning machines directly depends on their performance: a machine of the first type costs approximately 550-650 thousand rubles, machines of the second - somewhere around 900-950 thousand rubles, which should also be taken into account by your business plan.

Sometimes ideas for making money are literally right under our feet. Take a look around. We live in a country that occupies a leading position in the production of agricultural products. Wheat, sunflower, corn, sugar, rapeseed, rice - all this is sold in huge volumes both within the country and abroad. We suggest considering a business involving intermediary services with the resale of grain.

What are the benefits of using an intermediary to buy grain?

Producers and exporters set almost the same price for their agricultural products. The difference is often only 1 ruble. But when we are talking about hundreds or even thousands of tons of grain, the difference in the final cost no longer seems so frivolous. This motivates buyers to look for companies with the most profitable option. But it's not that simple. Low cost may hide poor quality. All these problems are precisely what intermediaries who monitor suppliers and analyze product quality help solve.

It is the intermediary who knows where it is more profitable to buy good grain. For his services he takes a much lower percentage than large traders. For example, for 100 tons of wheat worth 530 thousand rubles, the commission is 30,000 rubles.

Where to start a grain intermediary business?

When engaging in such activities, investments are practically not needed. Everything that is required is in your head. Plus you will need a phone number and information about suppliers and the quality of their products.

If we take a more detailed approach to this process, then the initial set of an intermediary for the resale of grain includes:

Directory of suppliers from across the region.
A phone with a favorable tariff plan, since you will have to talk quite a lot.
Ability to negotiate and persuade. This can be either an innate quality or an acquired one. It all depends on your desire.
Having a car will be a plus. After all, you will have to travel to meetings with buyers and suppliers. Face-to-face contracts will bring much better results.

How to start a grain resale business?

The first thing you need to do is study the grain market specifically in your region. Find out what crops are grown, what their average cost is and what offers will be the most interesting.

If the intermediary is a beginner, it is better to start with small farmers. They are almost always ready to give in on price because they do not have the required space for storing grain in large quantities.

In addition, they often accept payment in cash, which simplifies payment.

The next suitable option is large collective farms. But it’s worth going there when the intermediary already has a certain base of buyers.

Constant monitoring of the market is important so as not to lose sight of new players in this area with more advantageous offers.

But the price difference should not always be decisive. You should also familiarize yourself with GOSTs and technical parameters of grain products: gluten, IDK, nature, etc. This information will allow you to clearly and accurately determine the quality and class of products.

Where to look for clients? The best way to do this is through the Internet. There are many sites on this topic.

Do not immediately abandon low-quality grain. Such products are purchased at a lower cost by poultry farms and feed production plants. It is better to immediately offer high-quality grain to traders, but in this case the volumes must be quite significant.

Resale of grain: a detailed diagram of the work of an intermediary

Let's look at an example of how an intermediary can get rich by selling grain. So, you have found a buyer who needs 100 tons of wheat. You will be required to do the following:

Conclude an agreement stating that during the validity period of the document the client makes purchases only through you. This is very important to eliminate risks such as collusion between the buyer and seller and the purchase of products without your participation. A standard agreement can be downloaded on the Internet and modified to your specifications by a lawyer.
Find a seller (for example, a farmer) who is willing to provide this volume of products. You specify the final price and discuss it with the buyer.
If the latter is satisfied with everything, go to the farmer and take grain samples. It is better to choose from different storage locations to avoid detection of defects after making a purchase.
You take the samples to the elevator, where they conduct an examination. The cost of such a service is from 200 to 300 rubles. If, according to the results of the examination, the grain is of high quality, proceed to the final stages of the transaction.
Inform the buyer about the quality control details. If everything suits him, call the supplier and discuss the details of the future meeting.
At the meeting, both parties sign the purchase and sale agreement in your presence. It is better to schedule meetings on neutral territory so that neither party finds out the contact information of the other and simply “dumps” you next time.
After paying the invoice, you receive remuneration for the work, control the shipment of grain (if indicated in the contract) and delivery of products to the buyer’s address.

There is another plan for resale of grain. If you have a trusting relationship with the buyer, after checking the quality of the product, you can provide him with the seller’s contacts, after which signing and shipping are carried out without your participation. But you should resort to this method only when you are really confident in your client.

Working as an intermediary is financially profitable and there are practically no investments

Legal aspects of a business plan for the resale of grain outside the region

If you plan to expand the boundaries of your business and take it to a new level, it is best to register an LLC and choose the simplified taxation system (USN) as your tax burden.

Such a business is a good start for those who have not yet fully decided which path in agricultural activity to choose, and also who do not have enough funds for a more serious undertaking. Resale of grain and intermediary services is a relatively new activity that is in considerable demand.

In the next video you can watch an interview with an entrepreneur who is involved in intermediary in the grain business.

Currently, the situation in the agro-industrial market, especially in the grain crops segment, is very unfavorable for producers. The fact is that up to 3/4 of all irretrievable losses of grain are associated with the poor quality of its processing after harvesting, and often with its complete absence. Equipment for the primary processing of grain is not present in all even large grain growing organizations, and among individual farmers there are literally only a few such machines.

This applies in particular to processes such as grain drying and cleaning. Manufacturers in most cases simply cannot afford fairly expensive equipment, and it also happens that they simply do not want to complicate the production process and add unnecessary steps to it.

Meanwhile, if the grain is not dried on time and efficiently, it is qualified not as food, but as fodder, and at the same time its value on the grain market drops by at least 600 rubles per ton. This leads to significant losses for producers, so many farmers lose interest in growing, for example, wheat and leave the market, which in turn leads to a further increase in the price of grain products and its derivatives, including bread.

Therefore, organizing an enterprise for the collection and primary processing of grain will become not only profitable, but also useful from the point of view of the standard of living and well-being of citizens.

Your own grain business: Organizing a grain processing collection point

In fact, having relatively small capital investments and investing them wisely in grain processing, you can get a fairly high income without producing practically anything (except, in fact, for the services of grain drying and cleaning).

In many cities of our country, elevators, etc., which have become unnecessary, are still idle. enterprises that are not that big a deal to rent or even buy. Of course, such an acquisition will require additional investments in repairs, but we should not forget that the grain, and practically bread, business is one of the most profitable in the food sector, and if we consider that we are not talking about production, but only about the processing of raw materials, then profitability of such an enterprise is even higher than that of any bakery and even higher than in the field of grain trading.

Own grain business: Equipment for primary grain processing

The main operation for the primary processing of grain is its drying. It is produced on a stationary sectional dryer. Such equipment is usually universal, that is, it is suitable not only for grains and leguminous crops, but also for herbs. The cost of a universal dryer is from 950 to 1000 thousand rubles, and in terms of the type of fuel used, it is also universal - both gas and liquid fuel, electricity, solid fuel (wood, peat, etc.) are suitable.

The dryer's capacity (at an initial humidity of up to 26% is considered normal) is 40 tons of grain per day. When opening your own enterprise, you should take care not only to calculate how many of these dryers will be needed in accordance with the expected volumes of revenue, but also to provide space for installing additional dryers, which have a very useful property: the number of lines in the complex is not limited, so there are no problems with connecting and docking will not arise - the main thing is that there is enough space.

Further equipment for grain processing consists of a cleaning complex, represented by two units: a grain preliminary cleaning machine and a secondary grain cleaning machine. Dry grain, after passing through cleaning machines, is cleaned of foreign impurities and, as an option, calibrated, which allows you to obtain not only high-quality grain, but also high-quality seed material - as you know, the largest grains are left for seeds.

But even uncalibrated grain, but cleared of impurities, is considered a higher class and is valued much more expensive than unrefined grain. The productivity of grain cleaning machines is from 30 to 60 tons per hour, the price, as one would expect, directly depends on the power: if a grain cleaning machine of the first type costs about 550-650 thousand rubles, then machines of the second - already 900- 950 thousand rubles.

As you can see, one pre-cleaning machine is easily enough for at least one and a half to two dozen dryers. Secondary grain cleaning machines cost a little more than those described above, and are somewhat inferior to them in productivity: for example, a machine with a capacity of 8-10 tons per hour will cost no less than 700 thousand rubles, and a machine with a capacity of 16-20 tons per hour will cost 1050-1100 thousand rubles, and in the fractionation mode, i.e., in fact, grain calibration, productivity will drop by about 20%. Therefore, you should carefully calculate the number of secondary grain cleaning machines used in order to avoid interruptions and “limping”, i.e. non-synchronous operation of the line as a whole.

If, for example, you have a lot of orders for fractionation to obtain seed material, it would be more rational to allocate a separate machine for this purpose, while others will work as usual.

In addition to the listed machines included in the line, you should immediately or gradually, as your business develops, purchase additional equipment: a pneumatic separator for cleaning seeds of main crops from difficult-to-separate impurities that differ in aerodynamic properties (from 140 to 450-460 thousand rubles, depending from productivity - 2-15 tons per hour), a grain crusher (approximately 250-325 thousand rubles, depending on productivity - 3-7 tons per hour) and a clover roller - a machine for wiping seeds from clover wads and other legumes and cereal grasses (about 120-130 thousand rubles). These units are in demand in agriculture, so they will serve as a source of additional, but by no means small, income.

Among other things, in order to avoid having to load the products received for processing manually, a receiving device with a fan and a dust removal system should be installed as a link between the dryer and the cleaning shop. Drying machines will be unloaded directly into it, while supply for cleaning will be carried out automatically. Such a device costs about 420 thousand rubles.

Prospects for the development of grain processing business

The brightest and most attractive prospect is support for your enterprise at the state level. As you know, the government of the Russian Federation is now implementing many programs to support agribusiness, both at the central and local levels. Perhaps your company will receive a grant, for example, to expand its material and technical base or preferential terms for leasing equipment.

In addition, there is a serious prospect of starting a large-scale trade in seed material: most likely, the services provided by your enterprise to producers will not be very profitable to pay for right away: after all, the grain still needs to be sold. Therefore, it is possible to seize part of their grain or seed material by agreement.

The agricultural business is one of the most rapidly growing segments of the Russian economy today. Its traditionally popular segments include grain resale. How can an entrepreneur organize it? Is it possible to start this type of business from scratch?

Grain resale business may be based, in fact, on the resale of the relevant agricultural product or on intermediary activities. In the second case, the participation of another entity is assumed - actually reselling the grain (otherwise the business will be purely intermediary without the element of resale).

But all these options are possible.

Thus, an entrepreneur engaged in this type of business can find grain producers (or other intermediaries), purchase it from them and resell it to end consumers or other intermediaries (or facilitate the sale of grain to them by charging a commission).

Thus, there may be several schemes here. Moreover, all of them, in principle, can be used simultaneously. It is quite possible that an entrepreneur:

purchases grain from producer A directly;
purchases grain from producer B through an intermediary (one or more);
facilitates the sale of grain from producer C to some intermediary by charging a commission;
resells purchased grain from producers A and B directly to consumers or through other intermediaries.

Various combinations of these legal relations are possible. At the same time, each of the relevant legal relations will be characterized by a separate amount of required investments (from zero or their minimum volume - in intermediary transactions, to the need to invest millions of rubles - in grain purchases).

In addition, along with resale or intermediation, a partner of the manufacturer (or its intermediary - here the legal relationship, again, can develop according to very complex patterns) can provide additional services:

for grain transportation;
on organizing grain storage;
carrying out examination of grain quality;
for grain insurance.

And this, of course, is not an exhaustive list of possible services from the intermediary (distribution partner) of the agricultural producer. They, as well as services that complement them, can, again, be provided in different combinations.

But, one way or another, the constant participant in these legal relations will be the grain producer - a private farmer or agricultural organization. What is his interest in interacting with one or another intermediary (including the one who will actually resell grain products)?

The grain producer, like any participant in market relations, determines whether it is profitable or not to conduct a particular business based not only on possible income from the sale of products, but also taking into account the estimated costs associated with this sale.

It may well turn out that if it is possible to sell grain at a high selling price, the farmer will have such high costs of transporting it or organizing storage before sale that he will either refuse to grow grain or will be forced to turn to intermediaries. At the same time, the possible structure of partnerships with intermediaries can vary greatly.

As a rule, the larger the volume of grain an agricultural producer sells, the more likely it is that he will need the help of intermediaries. If there is not much grain, it may be easier and more profitable to deliver it to the consumer yourself. But if we are talking about industrial-scale grain production, then, obviously, delivering this product to the buyer without the assistance of competent intermediaries will be extremely difficult.

The same patterns can characterize product sales. As a rule, it is much easier for a private farmer or a small agricultural organization to ensure the purchase of all or most of the grain produced. To do this, in many cases it is enough to conclude literally several contracts. In the case of a large agribusiness organization, it may be necessary to sign agreements with hundreds of consumers. This can take a lot of time and money - and in this case, again, it may be more profitable to sell the grain through intermediaries.

The next party to the above legal relations, which participates in them in any case, is the end consumer. It is noteworthy that he may also be interested in having an intermediary between the agricultural producer and him.

The main interest of the grain producer- profitability of agricultural business. He will turn to an intermediary who is able to carry out (independently or with the assistance of other business entities) the resale of grain, bearing the associated costs. In turn, the main interest of the consumer is to receive high-quality grain at a price that suits him. Often, you can only obtain a product that meets this criterion by contacting a reliable intermediary.

Of course, the factor of additional costs also plays a role, characterizing, in particular, the transportation of grain products from producer to consumer or, for example, carrying out an examination of product quality. Their value is included in the cost of goods produced by the consumer of grain - flour, porridge. If the corresponding costs are excessively high, the consumer will be forced to set a price for products that is uncompetitive or inconsistent with social priorities, or suffer losses. But, again, an intermediary can come to his aid and suggest a way to reduce costs for the grain consumer.

The priorities of the grain consumer in this case will again largely depend on the size of the corresponding economic entity. If this is a small private mill, then its owner will most likely be able to find a reliable grain supplier on his own. If this is a large supplier of flour for bakeries, then in this case it will probably have to establish relationships with a large number of suppliers. Every time, even a large plant may not be able to carry out an examination of the quality of grain on its own, and even a large plant may not be able to spend money on the costs of its delivery, in which case it may turn to an intermediary.

Based on the considered specifics of the activities of intermediaries in the agricultural business, where to start for an entrepreneur who intends to start a business in the resale of grain?

Probably, the most effective would be a gradual scheme of involvement in the relevant segment of commercial activity. Start this business literally from scratch It is possible by carrying out intermediary transactions - charging a percentage of transactions between the manufacturer and the business entity that actually resells the grain (with the possible involvement of other intermediaries).

In order to become an effective intermediary in the grain market, you need to actively study this segment, establish connections with major agricultural producers and consumers, and become familiar with the nuances of doing this business in different regions. In the intermediary business, an important role is played not only by connections, but also by a person’s ability to negotiate and take into account the interests of each party to the transaction, regardless of its scale and role in the market. Often, it is only through this skill that an entrepreneur quickly becomes a respected and valuable intermediary. At the same time, in principle, there may not be any need for any investment in the business on his part.

The next stage of an entrepreneur’s involvement in the segment under consideration may be the direct resale of small quantities of grain - in interaction with suppliers and consumers well known to him. Neither one nor the other will lose anything from the fact that the entrepreneur will not be an intermediary, but an entity that actually carries out resale. But a businessman’s real earnings can be significantly higher than the commission.

However, it is worth understanding that in this case the entrepreneur will have to bear a significant part of the costs of organizing supplies and providing the necessary services to the producer of agricultural products and their consumers. First of all, these are transportation costs, as well as those associated with the organization of grain storage.

Payback the corresponding costs will depend not only on market conditions, but also on the efficiency of the entrepreneur’s work carried out at the stage of intermediary activity. When purchasing grain from a supplier, he must be sure (having repeatedly convinced himself of this in practice) that this grain is the best for the consumer to whom it is resold, so that he does not have compelling reasons to ask for a reduced price for the product.

After an entrepreneur has mastered the fundamental aspects of grain resale as a business outside the context of intermediary transactions, he can consider moving to the next segment in terms of capitalization and, at the same time, complexity of doing business - becoming a network or regional wholesaler. That is, a company that resells grain on a stable basis as part of its main activity.

As a rule, this type of business involves increasingly active conclusion of agreements with large suppliers and manufacturers and in many cases requires the entrepreneur to delegate his powers to other people. Therefore, before embarking on the appropriate stage of business deployment, it is necessary to pay attention to the work of searching or training personnel. Delegation in business is an extremely complex phenomenon. Finding a reliable manager can be no less important than establishing relationships with a particular supplier or consumer.

What are the benefits of using an intermediary to buy grain?

Where to start a grain intermediary business?

If we take a more detailed approach to this process, then the initial set of an intermediary for the resale of grain includes:

Directory of suppliers from across the region.
A phone with a favorable tariff plan, since you will have to talk quite a lot.
Ability to negotiate and persuade. This can be either an innate quality or an acquired one. It all depends on your desire.
Having a car will be a plus. After all, you will have to travel to meetings with buyers and suppliers. Face-to-face contracts will bring much better results.

How to start a grain resale business?

The first thing you need to do is study the grain market specifically in your region. Find out what crops are grown, what their average cost is and what offers will be the most interesting.

In addition, they often accept payment in cash, which simplifies payment.

The next suitable option is large collective farms. But it’s worth going there when the intermediary already has a certain base of buyers.

Constant monitoring of the market is important so as not to lose sight of new players in this area with more advantageous offers.

Where to look for clients? The best way to do this is through the Internet. There are many sites on this topic.

Resale of grain: a detailed diagram of the work of an intermediary

Let's look at an example of how an intermediary can get rich by selling grain. So, you have found a buyer who needs 100 tons of wheat. You will be required to do the following:

Conclude an agreement stating that during the validity period of the document the client makes purchases only through you. This is very important to eliminate risks such as collusion between the buyer and seller and the purchase of products without your participation. A standard agreement can be downloaded on the Internet and modified to your specifications by a lawyer.
Find a seller (for example, a farmer) who is willing to provide this volume of products. You specify the final price and discuss it with the buyer.
If the latter is satisfied with everything, go to the farmer and take grain samples. It is better to choose from different storage locations to avoid detection of defects after making a purchase.
You take the samples to the elevator, where they conduct an examination. The cost of such a service is from 200 to 300 rubles. If, according to the results of the examination, the grain is of high quality, proceed to the final stages of the transaction.
Inform the buyer about the quality control details. If everything suits him, call the supplier and discuss the details of the future meeting.
At the meeting, both parties sign the purchase and sale agreement in your presence. It is better to schedule meetings on neutral territory so that neither party finds out the contact information of the other and simply “dumps” you next time.
After paying the invoice, you receive remuneration for the work, control the shipment of grain (if indicated in the contract) and delivery of products to the buyer’s address.

Working as an intermediary is financially profitable and there are practically no investments

Legal aspects of a business plan for the resale of grain outside the region

If you plan to expand the boundaries of your business and take it to a new level, it is best to register an LLC and choose the simplified taxation system (USN) as your tax burden.

In the next video you can watch an interview with an entrepreneur who is involved in intermediary in the grain business.

No spam, guaranteed!

So I decided to talk about one of the real ways to earn money from scratch, without much investment.
Russia is one of the most advanced countries in the world that grows wheat and many other crops, which, in addition to consumption on the domestic market, are also exported.

The price between producers (collective farms and farmers) and large traders (exporters) sometimes reaches up to 1 ruble per kg. You may think this is not much (but when we are talking about several hundred tons or thousands of tons), the amount of the difference is very large and this difference can be earned.

What you will need:
1. this is the head (in every business it is needed, but here in particular).
2. cell phone (and preferably an unlimited call rate).
3. directory of businesses in your city.
4. It is advisable to have a car in which you will drive to negotiate.
Let's get started. At the very beginning, you will need to conduct so-called market monitoring (it’s easier to see what is being grown in your region) and from this decide how to work further.
Transactions do not always take place between regions; sometimes you can work at a distance of 50 km. The volume for a normal transaction is from 60 tons (2 KAMAZ grain trucks with a trailer), this is if you work with wheat, the meal is much lighter and the weight in a KAMAZ is up to 15 tons. Before working with farmers, you need to monitor the market and identify the average prices at which grain is sold. Next, there are several normal Internet resources where you can find buyers in your area: http://zol.ru/ (one of the most useful sites), grainboard.ru is also a very good site.
On these sites you can find serious buyers with whom you will work in the future, but I warn you in advance - it is advisable to enter into agency agreements with them, since there is a very large percentage of scammers.
Your task is to look for the most profitable offers for grain sales (the most reliable and personally tested method is to buy from small farmers) usually they do not have the opportunity to store grain for a long time and this, of course, makes the price lower. Plus, the farmer is willing to pay in cash, but this is also a minus in price and an opportunity to earn money. You can also search on large collective farms, but without good acquaintances with buyers it is difficult at the beginning, and therefore switch to large sellers only when you gain experience and contacts.
Now I’ll give an example of a specific transaction: you have a buyer for wheat and by calling farmers and collective farms you find 100 tons of wheat (from one farmer), for example, class 4 (it is very important to study the technical parameters and GOSTs of agricultural products) at a price of 5000 rubles. ton, then you call the buyer and offer him a price of, for example, 5,300 rubles. per ton and if he is satisfied with the price, you call the farmer back and say that you agree and are ready to come take samples.
Next, get in the car, come to the farmer and take grain samples yourself (you take a little wheat from the whole volume from different places) usually 2-3 kg are taken for analysis. (never neglect this, very often you come across unscrupulous farmers and offer wheat of very poor quality).
Next, you take the sample to the nearest elevator and for 100-200 rubles they tell you the parameters of the grain (gluten, IDK, nature, etc.) you tell the buyer the parameters and if he is satisfied with everything, then there are several options: you go with him to the farmer, where he concludes a purchase and sale agreement and gives you your 30 thousand rubles. 2nd option, if you are already on good terms with the buyer and he trusts you, you come to him, take a sales contract, go to the farmer and conclude it yourself, together with the second contract you are given an invoice for payment, which you take to the buyer and The accounting department pays for it (after that you can easily receive your interest).
After payment, the buyer usually negotiates with transport to remove the grain from the farmer. This is paid separately if you control and issue documents for transportation.
If there are real buyers who can be trusted, then everything can be simple: you found the volume, called and offered it to the buyer, also telling him your percentage, and if he is satisfied with everything, then just tell him where and from whom you found it. Then he does everything himself and all you have to do is take your percentage
If the distance is more than 300-400 km, then it is more profitable to transport, of course, by grain wagons. But here the volumes are different and more than 600 tons are desirable.
There are several unwritten rules: firstly, always check the quality of the grain you buy (neglecting this rule has cost some buyers millions of rubles in losses), secondly, do not trust the buyer 100% until you check it.
Of course, you can work with other regions, but in this case you will need your own LLC. If you have serious plans and are ready to work as a Legal Entity, then there will be a different work scheme.
I would like to add that you can trade not only grain (wheat, corn, etc.) By the word grain, I mean all types of products related to agriculture. Let me explain a little: there is a large list of products produced by our agricultural producers. These are sunflower seeds (and processed products: sunflower oil, meal, cake), grains: wheat, barley. And further down the list: corn, peas, rapeseed, rice, sugar, cereals, etc. Something is produced only in certain areas of the country and such products are not available in others, due to which the price is higher. There are many types of products that are highly valued in the north and the Far East (for example, there were deliveries of confectionery seeds to Sakhalin and other products that were in high demand). The point is that in each region you need to find your niche and occupy it. A lot depends on how to analyze the market and this needs to be done constantly.
Answers on questions:
1. Who is best to sell grain to?
Answer: It depends on many factors. If the quality is good, then it is better to sell directly to exporters (but it is difficult to reach them at the very beginning of the activity and a very large volume is needed), if the quality is low, then it is usually sold to poultry farms and similar enterprises. You can take it to a grain elevator or feed mills, but their prices are often very low. Usually, small companies that work for exporters are suitable as buyers, and although they pay a little less, they stably and solve most of the problems with analysis, shipping and dispatch themselves.
2. Is it possible to earn half a million with one transaction?
Answer: Nothing is impossible if a person has a head on his shoulders and knows how to think. On the account of 1 million, I doubt that they will pay such a percentage if you work as just an intermediary. But if you work as a legal entity. person and carry it out officially through the agreement, then it is quite possible to raise more. It’s just that the intermediaries were paid a maximum of 400 thousand at a time. It's a couple of days of work.
But again, it all depends on many factors. You need to be on the phone every day, be able to negotiate very well with people, know a lot of details and subtleties related specifically to the quality of grain. You won’t earn a lot of money right away on the first day.
3. If I find a seller, analyze his grain, offer it to the buyer, he agrees. On the day of the transaction, where to make an appointment? If immediately with the seller, they can come to an agreement with him, and leave me without interest. And how to protect yourself from non-payment of interest, if I am not an LLC, but simply offering, and after arriving at the place, the buyer can tell me that I have urgent business, and come back the next day and negotiate a more favorable price for himself.
Answer: Regarding the meeting: of course, it’s better to set it up somewhere on neutral territory (usually we used roadside cafes on the highway) where you agree upon the meeting. Grain analysis on the device, InfraLum, is carried out within 2-5 minutes and the price for an unofficial analysis (without printing on the card) is 200-350 rubles, an official analysis on the laboratory’s letterhead costs about 2-3 thousand rubles. At the expense of the scammer on the buyer’s side This often happens and it is difficult to immediately identify such unscrupulous people.
4. Is it possible to do this in Moscow? And where to look for these small farmers?
Production also continues in winter
Answer: I can’t tell you anything specific about agricultural production in Moscow, since the situation is different in each region.
We have sales: trade goes on all year round, but in winter the level of purchases drops before the New Year and the month after it, trade is almost completely stopped. You can view and evaluate the grain market in your region on the website http://zol.ru or http://grainboard.ru
On these sites you can find prices and buyers. Small farmers are not so difficult to find (you need to find directories on enterprises and individual entrepreneurs); usually they often contain such information.
5. Please tell me what type of intermediary documents should be (contracts, certificate of completion of work, etc.)
Answer: Regular agency agreements can be downloaded on the Internet and finalized with a lawyer.
6. How to protect yourself In terms of what guarantees that next time, this buyer, after concluding an agreement (when he knows who the seller is) will not work with him directly, bypassing the intermediary, you mean me Or is it the nature of this work? is that you don’t even have to think about the customer (seller) base?(((
Answer: You can only protect yourself by drawing up a competent agency agreement. It should indicate that for a year with those people whom you find for the buyer, he does not have the right to enter into contracts without you. The main thing is to legally certify and draw it up correctly.
Bottom line: of course, not everything is so simple and you will have to study a lot of intricacies of work, learn to talk with people, and be nervous a lot, but it will be worth it if you persistently achieve your goal.
The amounts we paid to intermediaries reached several hundred thousand rubles per transaction, and this was real money and they earned it in one or two days.

An intermediary business is an undertaking that does not require significant financial investments.

In fact, a novice intermediary entrepreneur only needs to have good organizational and analytical skills.

The essence of the intermediary business in the field of agriculture is to search for profitable offers for the sale of certain goods and find buyers.

The entrepreneur’s profit will be formed by receiving a commission, the amount of which must be specified in the agency agreement.

After this, you need to monitor prices for the selected product in your region.

An entrepreneur can look for suppliers of products in neighboring regions, but in this case he will need to focus on large volumes.

Otherwise, the profit will be minimal due to the cost of delivering the products. An option to solve this problem could be to include transportation costs in the final cost of the consignment.

Where to buy grain for resale

Where is the most profitable place to purchase grain or other agricultural products for resale:

It is advisable for a businessman to cooperate with small farms. As a rule, they do not have conditions for long-term storage of grain, and they sell grown products at minimal selling prices.

Another option is to purchase grain from large collective farms.

After the businessman finds profitable offers for the sale of products, he needs to take several kilograms of grain for testing.

Grain samples must be taken to the nearest elevator.

This condition cannot be neglected, because resold products must comply with existing agricultural GOSTs.

After checking the grain, you can begin searching for a buyer. Today there are many Internet resources that contain information about large enterprises interested in purchasing one or another agricultural product.

If the buyer is satisfied with the grain parameters that the businessman found, then he can safely proceed with the transaction. All its conditions should be described in detail in the agency agreement.

To do this, you need to organize cooperation with an experienced lawyer.

The difference between the cost of buying and selling grain can reach 300-500 rubles per ton. Thus, by reselling 100 tons of products, you can earn the first 30 thousand rubles in profit.

If a businessman manages to carry out at least 3 large transactions per month, his profit can reach 100 thousand rubles.

You can get free business consultations in my VK group "

Where to start speculative agribusiness? As in any trading business, the grain reseller is the link between farmers and processing enterprises. The question arises, why can’t farmers sell their grain on their own? The answer is simple: mills need huge volumes, and dealing with small farms is simply unprofitable. This function is taken on by the wholesaler. He buys grain from several dozen private organizations in the summer and accumulates it until the peak price - spring.

Procurement territories are the Southern and North Caucasus federal districts, sales territories are other states and the northern regions of the country. The intermediary’s work in this matter is made easier by many specialized site sites where you can find up-to-date information, prices and buyers.

Of course, before entering into the grain resale business, it is worth studying the topic, familiarizing yourself with the chemical and physical properties of the varieties, methods of storage and proper transportation, so as not to get into trouble and not purchase low-grade grain.

Hangar

Step-by-step instructions for a grain resale business begin with finding space. The main asset of the reseller will be a hangar of 1000 square meters. In such a room you can store up to 2000 tons of grain. However, the requirements for long-term grain storage are quite high:

The room must be well ventilated.
The hangar must maintain constant temperature and humidity.
The hangar should be disinfected periodically.

The storage method also depends on the variety and type of grain. Wheat, rye, and barley are stored in bulk. Corn, poppy and elite varieties of grains are stored in canvas bags up to 15 rows apart from the mounds. So if you are planning to resell several varieties, you should take into account separate storage when building a hangar. 3.5-4 million rubles should be allocated for survey and design work, foundation construction and installation.

Organizational aspects

A business idea begins to be implemented at the registration stage. It is important to choose the appropriate legal form. The best option would be an LLC with a simplified taxation system. This makes it possible to establish contacts with foreign companies and large Russian organizations. The state fee for registering an LLC will cost 4,000 rubles. The OKVED code corresponds to the selected activity - 46.21.1 “Wholesale trade in grain, seeds and animal feed.” It is also worth making a stamp and opening a bank account. All organizational documents, as well as concluding the necessary land lease agreements, checking ventilation, and disinfection will require about 160 thousand rubles.

We purchase equipment

One of the advantages of this business is that it does not require special equipment. It is enough to purchase:

Truck (“GAZ” or “KAMAZ”).
Grain loader.
Small household equipment.

In addition to working equipment, it is necessary to equip the administrative building with printers, computers, furniture and working communications. All equipment will require about 3,500,000 rubles.

We are looking for personnel

For the full functioning of the enterprise you will need only 6 people:

2 drivers.
2 handymen.
2 sales managers.

It is noteworthy that the small business of selling grain is also seasonal, just like the cultivation of cereal crops. The busiest time for resellers is summer and the first spring months. At this time there will be an incomparably large amount of work. To make staff more interested, it is better to establish a bonus payment system for completed volumes. To retain staff throughout the year, you should pay a minimum wage or reassign people to other jobs. For example, engage in the resale of other agricultural products. The average monthly wage fund, including deductions, will be about 170 thousand rubles. An entrepreneur can conduct accounting independently using online programs.

Projected income

Is it profitable to spend so much money on starting a grain sales business? Definitely beneficial. The cost during the harvest period is 50-70% lower than in winter and spring. However, in order to fill the hangar, it will take about 15,000,000 rubles. If the price rises by a modest 58 percent in the spring, then you can easily earn 25,500,000 rubles. We will clear the proceeds from all expenses for:

Land lease.
Wages.
Public utilities.
Procurement materials.
Taxes.
Unexpected expenses.

On average, all costs per year will require 19,800,000 rubles. Net profit will be 5,700,000 rubles. Profitability will be 22%. If an entrepreneur manages to sell grain at the best price for the year, then profitability can increase to 60%.

Advantages and disadvantages

Like any other business, there are pros and cons.

High profitability.
An economically advantageous situation for working with foreign partners.
Unoccupied niche.

Starting a business requires significant capital investments.
Speculative business - you can remain in the red at the end of the year.
Natural product losses.

Eventually

To open a business selling grain, it is not enough to be able to establish diplomatic contacts with people. You need to learn all the intricacies of growing and storing each type of grain, become familiar with safe methods of transportation and loading, and understand all the intricacies of the process. In addition, you need to have large initial funds. This is not a business for one or two years; the investment will pay off in at least 9-10 seasons.