Business idea for the village: growing champignons for sale. Brief business plan for growing champignons Growing champignons from scratch

♦ Capital investments – 950,000 rubles.
♦ Payback – 1 year.

Champignon is one of the favorite mushrooms in different countries because it is tasty, easy to prepare, affordable and is always available in abundance on supermarket shelves.

If you believe historians, the pioneers of the cultivated cultivation of champignons were French peasants, who, back in the late 1600s, noticed that if adult champignons were washed with water, and then poured this water onto a compost heap, periodically watering this area, then on the compost heap you could harvest good harvest.

Growing champignons as a business, took root in England.

Mushroom farms were established there at the beginning of the 18th century.

Gradually, this practice began to take root throughout the world.

Features of growing champignons as a business

People first started talking about champignons as a business in Russia in the 1990s, during a period of terrible economic crisis.

Then farms for growing these unpretentious mushrooms, organized in abandoned mines, saved more than one village that was on the verge of extinction.

Gradually, the technology for growing champignons began to improve, and other methods of harvesting began to be practiced.

Many entrepreneurs are under the misconception that agricultural business is hard and not very profitable.

Industrial cultivation of champignons, although it belongs to the sphere of agriculture, completely breaks these stereotypes.

Growing champignons is definitely profitable, otherwise this market would not have grown by 25% just in the previous year.

If we take the average statistical data, we see that every Russian eats at least 1.5 kg of mushrooms per year and this trend, according to experts, will only increase.

All this should lead businessmen looking for a profitable startup to the idea that they need to organize the industrial cultivation of champignons and make money from their sale.

Getting into this business is quite easy, because you don’t need to purchase expensive equipment or rent gigantic areas in order to grow your first batch of champignons.

And the technology for growing this mushroom itself is extremely simple and you don’t need to be a certified botanist to master it.

In general, if you are looking for a profitable, promising business that does not require huge financial investments, then this is just the business for you.

Advantages and disadvantages of growing champignons as a business

Every businessman interested in quick self-sufficiency and good profits for his business needs to calculate all the pros and cons before starting to invest money in any business.

Growing champignons as a business has a number of advantages:

To launch a startup you need relatively little money.
The mushroom market in Russia has huge holes filled with low-quality imported goods, so you have a chance to gradually build a real empire for growing champignons.
The raw material for growing these mushrooms is agricultural waste (compost, straw, chicken manure), which can be purchased for pennies.
Champignons can be grown in any conditions (in abandoned mines, in the basements of private houses, in bags directly in apartments, etc.).
This mushroom bears fruit all year round if the right conditions are provided.
There are plenty of unfilled niches in the market that you can fill.
This is a profitable business that will bring you your first profit within a few months of launching your startup.

But you need to remember the main disadvantage of growing champignons as a business, which is the need to find a market for your products.

This may not be so easy, especially in a small town, but if you have your own transport, then nothing prevents you from going to the neighboring large city to sell your products there.

5 ways to grow champignons as a business

The main thing in this business is to get a high percentage of profitability, not yield.

To achieve this, you need to choose the most suitable champignon growing system.

There are 5 main methods for growing mushrooms:

Directly on the ground.

You can set up your own champignon growing business right in an empty mine, your own greenhouse, basement, etc.
This system is very cheap because you don't need to order special equipment.
One of its main disadvantages is the risk of infection of the mycelium, because the soil is full of different microbes.

Dutch shelf growing system.

Such production can be started, for example, in your barn or garage.
The more shelves you equip, the more harvest you will reap.
One of the disadvantages of this system is the high cost of arranging a room for growing mushrooms.

In bags.

This is the simplest and most profitable system for growing champignons.
Firstly, you can grow mushrooms in bags even in your own apartment.
Secondly, your mushrooms will be isolated from each other and, if you notice signs of infection in any of them, you can simply throw away this bag and protect the rest of the crop from infection.

In containers.

If you choose this method, you will need to purchase special, very expensive, containers that are treated from the inside with a solution against infections.
The system for growing champignons in containers can be made fully automated, getting a good harvest and increasing your profit level.

In briquettes.

One of the favorite methods of growing mushrooms among many domestic businessmen.
The purchase price of briquettes is not too expensive, they are easy to transport if you decide to change the cultivation of champignons at home to an industrial scale, and it is easy to protect your crop from diseases.

Growing champignons as a business: advertising campaign and searching for clients

If you are going to grow champignons on a modest scale only for your own use, then you will not have to worry about advertising and finding clients for your business.

It’s a completely different matter, if you want to make good money from growing mushrooms, then you just need to think about an effective advertising campaign for your business.

Media in your city.
Outdoor advertising.
Promotional printed materials that can be handed out, such as business cards or flyers.
Social networks.
Ads on websites that are frequently visited by residents of your region.

Finding markets depends on the size of your business.

If you grow a few champignons, you can sell them among neighbors, friends and acquaintances.

If you harvest a crop of 100 kg or more, then look for other channels:

Independent sale of mushrooms at the nearest market.
Gradually you will have regular customers.
Sale of mushrooms to resellers in markets.
Yes, you will receive less income than if you sold mushrooms yourself, but you will save a lot of time.
Sales of champignons through grocery stores.
To do this, you need to have all the documents and be a registered entrepreneur.
Visiting offices and government enterprises in your city with an offer to purchase champignons from you.
If the quality of the products you grow satisfies your customers, then in the future you will receive regular orders and bring a specific batch of products.
Selling goods via the Internet.
To do this, you can make your own website, but it is more profitable to sell through social networks.

Growing champignons as a business: calendar plan

Starting a mushroom growing business takes time and money, especially if you want to harvest a crop of several tons, and not a couple of tens of kilograms.

For the preparatory period (registration, equipment of the premises, purchase of compost with mycelium, search for markets, etc.) you will need at least 5 months.

Stage	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May
Registration
Search for premises and equipment
Personnel search
Purchasing compost with mycelium
Advertising
First sales

Registration

If your main clients are friends, acquaintances and neighbors, then you shouldn’t bother with the registration procedure.

But those who want to grow champignons on an industrial scale and sell their products through grocery stores should definitely register as an individual entrepreneur or LLC, choose the appropriate form of taxation, and officially employ their employees.

In order to sell your goods through supermarkets and grocery stores, you should issue a number of documents confirming the quality and safety of your products for buyers:

phytosanitary certificate for mushrooms;
a certificate confirming that the champignons you grew comply with GOST;
Radiologist's protocol.

Also, carefully study the instructions for storing and transporting the products you have grown, so as not to destroy your business due to the fact that low temperature or high humidity led to damage to your goods.

Room

Again, the size of the premises directly depends on how large a business you want to open.

If we are talking about a small business (you don’t want to grow a lot of champignons), then you can organize the business even at home.

If you want to receive at least 2–4 tons of products per year, then you need to find a room of at least 100 square meters.

This could be a greenhouse, hangar, abandoned mine, industrial premises, warehouse, etc.

You have three options:

Purchase a plot of land and build a building on it that will be ideal for growing mushrooms.
Rent a room of suitable size and equip it as you need to open a business growing champignons.
Buy property that has previously been used for growing champignons.
The necessary equipment can be supplied to such a building, so you will be spared the need to look for everything you need to organize your business.

It is imperative to equip the room chosen for growing champignons with a heating and ventilation system so that the temperature is stable all year round at +14–16 degrees, and ammonia and other fumes are drawn out of the room by the ventilation system.

In order to convert a small building for growing champignons, get ready to allocate about 80,000 rubles.

Equipment

It all depends on what method of growing mushrooms you have chosen for yourself: in bags, containers, blocks, on racks, etc.

If we are talking about growing champignons on an industrial scale, then you will have to divide your premises into several zones and purchase equipment with which you will make and pasteurize compost, grow mycelium yourself, etc.

If you are aiming at a more modest business, then you can purchase already prepared compost, seeded with mycelium.

For 10 tons of such compost you will have to pay about 100,000 rubles.

To equip a minimum room and a champignon grower on 100 square meters, you will have to spend another 200,000 rubles.

For 300,000 rub. You will be able to purchase a used Gazelle for product delivery.

If you decide to grow champignons on a smaller scale, then the cost of equipment and compost with mycelium will be significantly lower.

Staff

Business is a fascinating game that combines maximum excitement with a minimum of rules.
Bill Gates

Growing champignons as a business is difficult to do alone, especially if we are talking about an industrial scale.

If you purchased 10 tons of compost and are going to grow mushrooms on an area of 100 square meters, then you will need at least two workers to grow champignons and one driver to deliver the finished products.

If you are going to sell goods on the market yourself, then hire a seller for this task.

You can save on the seller's rate if you supply products to stores and market distributors.

As for administrative and accounting functions, see for yourself: you can handle the financial and management side of the business on your own, don’t hire anyone, but if you don’t believe in yourself, hire both a manager and an accountant.

The minimum expenses for staff salaries will be as follows:

How much money do you need to open a champignon growing business?

It all depends solely on the scale on which you intend to grow champignons.

If you want to buy just a few bags of compost to grow goodies for yourself, your friends and acquaintances, then 30–40,000 rubles are enough to start a business.

If we are talking about industrial scale, then get ready to collect at least half a million, or better yet, a million rubles of capital investment:

In addition to the initial investment, you need to have money to service the business (electricity, taxes, staff salaries, etc.), which should be included in the amount prepared for the start, because you will receive income only by collecting and selling the first batch of grown champignons: at least than in 1.5–2 months.

Expense item	Number of months	Amount of expenses per month (in rub.)	Total (in rub.)
Total:			250,000 rub.
Renting premises	2	30 000	60 000
Communal payments	2	20 000	40 000
Staff salaries	2	45 000	90 000
Taxes and administrative expenses	2	15 000	30 000
Advertising	2	5 000	10 000
Additional expenses	2	10 000	20 000

That is, to start growing champignons as a business on an area of 100 square meters in a relatively small locality, you should have about 1,000,000 rubles.

How to properly grow champignons

watch the video:

How much can you earn in a year growing champignons as a business?

If we take the previous indicators (10 tons of compost, 100 square meters of area), then we will collect the first harvest of 2,000 kg of champignons.

The selling price of one kilogram is about 100 rubles.

That is, our first earnings will be 200,000 rubles.

In a year, you can collect an average of 6 harvests from one mycelium, which will amount to 1,200,000 rubles.

Discard the amount of starting capital and mandatory monthly expenses and you will get 250,000 rubles. net profit.

Download a ready-made business plan for a mushroom growing farm with quality guarantee.
Contents of the business plan:
1. Privacy
2. Summary
3. Project implementation stages
4. Characteristics of the object
5. Marketing plan
6. Technical and economic data of equipment
7. Financial plan
8. Risk assessment
9. Financial and economic justification for investments
10. Conclusions

As you can see, growing champignons as a business, is a very profitable business.

In a year, you will not only return the capital investment amount of 950,000 rubles, but also earn about a quarter of a million rubles.

Agree, these are good indicators for a start.

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Opening a mushroom farm is beneficial due to the ability to grow products all year round. Below is an example of a business plan for growing champignons. They have impressive yields, are unpretentious to the conditions and are valued on the market for their taste and low price.

Brief summary

The project requires initial investment for rent, arrangement of business premises and purchase of mycelium. Possible risks during production are compensated in calculations by reducing the output volume by 30%. If the business plan for growing champignons is implemented with the calculated indicators, a normal harvest will give a profit higher than indicated.

Brief characteristics of the project:

the amount of initial investment is 470,000 rubles;
payback period – 12 months;
monthly profit forecast – 42,000 rubles.

According to statistics, in Russia, each resident consumes up to 3 kg of mushrooms per month. For this reason, growing champignons as a business is profitable. More than 70% of the market is occupied by products of foreign manufacturers. This indicates a low level of competition in the domestic market. Calculations will be made based on an analysis of the situation in St. Petersburg.

Project Description

According to the proposed business plan, champignons will be grown in the Leningrad region. For this purpose, you can convert your own dacha or rent a small plot of land to build a farm.

Enterprise characteristics

Accountants can open an individual entrepreneur and take over the accounting and tax accounting.

The preferred location of the farm is closer to the Ring Road road. This makes it easier to organize the transportation of goods to the processing site.

Niche in the market

The benefit of growing champignons at home according to a business plan is that profitability does not depend on location. Customers of products can be companies from any region. The cost of production is always kept at the same level, and the delivery of mushrooms can be organized by consumers.

There are only 11 organizations in St. Petersburg offering fresh mushrooms. They sell retail and can become the first customers of the products. With a population of 5,351,935 people (at the beginning of 2018), statistical consumption is 16 tons per month. We will lower the bar by 30% to account for the likelihood of a low yield and other risks. As a result, the consumption capacity is 5 tons per month.

The average yield of champignons is 35 kg per 1 sq. meters monthly. A farm with an area of 142 square meters will completely meet the need for products. m. This goes beyond the scope of organizing a small business enterprise according to the proposed business plan. Buildings on summer cottages are often limited in area (no more than 16-20 sq. m). Therefore, at the start you will have to limit yourself to what you have.

Marketing strategy

The basis for promoting a new enterprise will be a website and working with potential clients through cold calls or sending emails. Regardless of the scale of the company’s activities and the technology for growing champignons, the business plan is designed for corporate consumers. On the one hand, this is an advantage, since wholesale sales are provided. On the other hand, you need to develop a base of regular customers in order to start thinking about expanding your business.

advertisements on the Internet;
sending emails;
cold calls.

Retail is not expected at first. For successful trading, it is advisable to have a large assortment of mushrooms - oyster mushrooms, porcini mushrooms, milk mushrooms. While the emphasis is on champignons, the main clients will remain wholesale customers.

Production plan

In the subsidiary farm there are buildings of various sizes. Therefore, we will take as a basis an option with dimensions of 4 by 4 meters with a height of 2.5 meters. It is proposed to grow mushrooms on the shelves. Then there will be 4 boxes per square meter. Up to 4 sq. m should be left for the service aisles between the shelves. As a result, 12 squares or 48 boxes remain working. Each of them will produce up to 35 kg of harvest per month (total up to 1,680 kg).

Farm equipment

At first, compost can be purchased ready for use. As the cost is paid off, it will be possible to build additional premises for its production.

The smooth operation of the farm is ensured by the presence of a constant microclimate, therefore, before starting the enterprise, it is recommended to carry out careful measurements of temperature and humidity in all parts of the room (closer to the floor, ceiling, under different ventilation modes). Without this, yields may be lower than planned.

Organizational plan

The staff of the mushroom farm for champignons in the proposed business plan is minimal. The entrepreneur himself can handle sales and search for clients. Therefore, it is enough to hire assistants to care for the mushrooms. Their work schedule will be from 10.00 to 20.00, with a 2/2 exit (shifts of 10 hours). They will be involved in planting, care, harvesting, replacing mycelium and compost. They will also be tasked with loading products onto customer vehicles.

The salary of each employee will be 30,000 rubles. In case of vacation or sick leave, an entrepreneur can temporarily replace an absent employee. Accounting is provided immediately. Thanks to this approach, the owner is engaged in the main business - selling the grown products. The average cost for a third-party specialist is 10,000 rubles.

Financial plan

The list of one-time costs of a business plan for growing champignons in a greenhouse complex should include not only equipment, but also the first purchase of mycelium and compost. They are also included in the list of monthly expenses.

List of one-time costs

List of monthly expenses

Calculation of enterprise payback:

1. One-time expenses per month – 39,170 rubles;

2. Fixed costs – 129,200 rubles;

3. The cost of one kilogram of products, subject to a yield of 1,500 kg per month, is 113 rubles.

With an average wholesale cost of one kilogram of finished products of 150 rubles, the proceeds from the sale of the entire volume produced will be 225,000 rubles. Of this, 13,500 will be spent on taxes, and the net profit will be 42,000 rubles.

If there is a decrease in yield or spoilage of products as a result of untimely sales, income may decrease. In this case, it is possible to reduce the amount of mycelium and compost purchased until sales volumes are restored. Utility costs will decrease proportionately.

Risk management

When creating a business plan for the production of champignons, the low competition in this area was taken into account. But risks still exist. They are common to the entire agricultural sector - low yields, force majeure due to diseases of cultivated crops. Such factors can be avoided through proper organization of the process.

maintain cleanliness inside the farm premises;

buy mycelium and compost from trusted suppliers;

replace them in parts, according to a staggered schedule.

This approach will allow, in the case of defective consumables, to grow a small volume of products and achieve at least self-sufficiency. In the future, it is recommended to distribute the growing area into two or more rooms. Then microclimate disturbances in one will not affect the rest of the production.

Three months of accounting, HR and legal support FREE. Hurry up, offer is limited.

Despite the fact that the technology for industrial cultivation of champignons has been known for more than two decades, in trade there is not even a slight excess of supply over demand for this product. Champignons are always in price and always in demand. Therefore, an entrepreneur who wants to develop a new business niche can try to formulate a business plan for growing champignons and evaluate how effective such an undertaking will be.

Initial conditions

Those who plan to grow champignons for sale first of all need to assess their starting capabilities with a good degree of prudence and practicality, since the main conditions of the business plan for the production of champignons will depend on them.

Initial conditions that will be needed to set up production in areas from 200 to 400 sq. m:

availability of space for equipment placement;
the presence of large cities nearby, which can become a market for maximum sales of manufactured products.

On smaller areas (from 50 to 100 sq. m.), a business plan for the production of champignons may consist of fewer positions, but it must also resolve the main business issues:

volume of finance attraction;
the issue of attracting hired labor;
search for a sales market.

In addition to the available amount of financing and the availability of premises for growing champignons, the amount of investment in this business will also depend on the method of cultivation.

As you know, champignons are grown in Russia in three main ways:

in bags;
on racks (shelves);
in boxes.

Each of these methods has its own disadvantages and advantages. However, the most expensive is growing on shelves, since this system involves an automated process of maintaining the mushroom bed, which in itself requires financial investment.

The most common and cheapest way to grow champignons in Russia is to grow them in bags.

Advantages of this method:

inexpensive components for self-formation of compost;
mobility and easy replaceability of bags;
convenient disinfection of space equipped for bag cultivation of mushrooms.

Flaws:

the need to attract additional labor;
difficulties with reforming spent compost.

Taking into account the listed factors, an entrepreneur can draw up a business plan for growing champignons to suit his own conditions.

Small production

A business plan for growing champignons at home is best calculated based on the fact that:

production premises will be located in outbuildings or in basements;
for production it will be necessary to prepare about 5 tons of compost;
Only family members will work in production, which will reduce the tax burden on wages;
Based on the results of one production cycle, it will be necessary to sell 750 kg of mushrooms.

Despite the fact that home production does not involve renting special production premises, it is still better for a novice entrepreneur not to organize the cultivation of mushrooms near residential buildings.

This caution is due to the fact that proximity to such a huge amount of biological material susceptible to fungal diseases and bacterial infections can have a detrimental effect on both the health of family members and the well-being of the planting material itself.

Do not forget that in order for the mycelium to produce a harvest of mushrooms, special conditions must be created for the planting material:

lighting (the initial stage of mycelium germination in some cases requires round-the-clock illumination of bags with processed compost);
high humidity;
controlled ventilation (bags should not be in an area of constant air movement).

As you know, humidity and lack of ventilation are present in the tunnels of waste mines, and they are the favorite place for entrepreneurs to grow mushrooms. But not every city has such abandoned mines, and therefore an entrepreneur planning to organize a farm for growing mushrooms needs to include in the budget the finances for re-equipping outbuildings specifically under conditions favorable for the growth of mushrooms.

When drawing up a business plan for growing champignons and planning sources of financing for home production, you should not count on loans from the bank at low interest rates or assistance from the state in the form of government guarantees under the program to support small and medium-sized businesses. For both the state and the bank, this type of business activity is considered very risky, and financial institutions will not agree to risky cooperation.

Therefore, you can rely on your own savings or on credit funds secured by existing real estate. Under such a guarantee, the bank will agree to issue working capital to the entrepreneur.

We invite you to familiarize yourself with a detailed business plan for growing various types of mushrooms. Read the finished production plan and find out the list of possible risks.

Hello, dear readers!

Growing mushrooms is a promising business idea for aspiring entrepreneurs. Its implementation does not require large start-up capital, the purchase of special equipment or large premises.

Brief investment memorandum

The goal of the project is to grow oyster mushrooms and sell them fresh in your city, as well as further development of production capacity: increasing production volume, expanding the range.

Advantages of mushroom business:

The growing technology has been studied and tested. To harvest, you just need to strictly follow the instructions.
Eco-products grown without chemical fertilizers are at the peak of popularity. Mushrooms are a hearty and tasty product that is in demand all year round.
No investment is needed to set up production. Use your garage or cottage. The main costs at this stage are mycelium and growing bags.
There are many distribution routes: markets, catering establishments, supermarkets, eco-product stores.
High profitability subject to well-established production and sales of goods.
To grow champignons and oyster mushrooms, waste from the agricultural and processing industries is used.
Champignons are not demanding on growing conditions. They grow in basements, mines, garages, greenhouses. Any room can be adapted for growing mushrooms.
Mushrooms are sold fresh, dried, and canned.

Relevance of the mushroom growing business

In the last 4 years, when imports of champignons and oyster mushrooms have decreased significantly, it has become much easier for a novice mushroom grower to enter the market. These varieties produce a stable harvest all year round, so your main task is to organize its sales.

There are several types of mushroom products on the Russian market.

The demand for different types of mushrooms in our country is shown in the pie chart:

As you can see in the diagram, champignons are the most popular mushrooms

Another useful information for a novice mushroom grower is the cost of the most popular varieties of mushrooms among buyers. Prices are valid for the summer season of 2017.

The most expensive packaged mushrooms on the market are

According to the School of Mushroom Growing, the volume of oyster mushroom production on the Russian market in 2017 is 6-7 thousand tons per year. Champignons are grown 6-8 times more.

The demand for oyster mushrooms is less than for champignons, but experts consider its cultivation promising. The main thing for an entrepreneur who has chosen this variety is to launch effective advertising of products and establish sales.

Sales market - ways to sell finished products

Mushrooms are not shelf-stable products, so the products need to be sold quickly before they lose their freshness and presentation.

Let's talk about sales routes.

Restaurants, cafes and other catering establishments

Invite the administration of the establishments to try the products. Show quality certificates, radiological examination reports confirming the safety and quality of your product.

Market

To sell on the market, you will also need documentation confirming the naturalness of the product.

Supermarkets and shops

Provide certificates about the quality of oyster mushrooms or champignons, leave the goods for testing, treat the management to marinated mushrooms of your own production, and signing a contract will not take long.

Sales to wholesalers

This is a fast but unprofitable implementation method. The purchase price is much lower than the retail price.

Experts from the Center for Environmental Programs, which specializes in the development of private mushroom farming, say: “Cultivated mushrooms are in greatest demand in the European part of Russia. In regions such as Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, and Chelyabinsk, the population gives preference to wild edible mushrooms.”

Sales and Marketing

We have already talked about where to look for clients and the sales market. I'll tell you how to create a catchy ad and attract the attention of buyers.

To start selling online, you just need to register on Avito or another trading platform.

For a buyer to choose you, your ad must include:

Photos of fresh produce. If you add several photos of fruits growing in the mycelium, this will inspire more confidence in the buyer. He will also be interested in photos with pickled or fried oyster mushrooms or champignons.
Product Description. Indicate that the variety you grew is safe, that you use only environmentally friendly germination technologies and natural substrate.
Price. If an ad doesn't include a price, it's not specific and won't generate interest.
Contact Information. Indicate not only your phone number, but also your social network account. It is advisable that your page or group page have customer reviews about the quality of the product.

For market sales, the best advertising is to let the buyer try a delicious mushroom dish. Find the original marinade recipe and treat every customer. After a month of such an advertising campaign, you will have a stable audience of clients.

Owners of supermarkets and restaurants will be “bribed” by a small free batch of product to try.

The key to success is the quality and naturalness of champignons and oyster mushrooms. It’s easy to sell one batch, but your task is to generate stable sales.

Financial plan

Financial planning is a stage necessary for starting any business. It is drawn up before production begins. Having drawn up such a plan, you will correlate expenses with expected income and be able to calculate the payback period for production. The financial plan is based on start-up and operating costs, as well as profit received from sales.

An example of the expense part of a business plan with start-up costs (the data in the table depends on the scale of production):

№	Expenses	Amount in rubles
1	Rent of premises (up to 60 square meters)	8 000 -10 000
2	Mycelium and mycelium	10 000
3	Substrate, compost	20 000
4	Bags or packages (500 pcs.)	5 000
5	Plastic containers (10 pcs)	1 000
6	Equipment for creating a microclimate (humidifiers, fans, heaters)	25 000
7	Refrigeration equipment	60 000
8	Transportation costs to the point of sale	15 000
9	Registration, preparation of documents and certificates	20 000
10	Communal expenses	20 000
Total:		186 000

To the figures presented in the table, add the amount of taxes, staff salaries, rental of retail space in the market, payment for accounting services, advertising costs and other current costs.

Possible risks and guarantees

This type of business has 3 main risks:

low yield;
weak sales;
competition.

Productivity depends on the accuracy of production technologies, sales - on the quality of products and good advertising.

Business success guarantees:

Stable year-round customer demand.
Several ways of sale (dried, frozen, canned and fresh).
Several distribution routes (market, stores, restaurants, wholesalers).
Lack of serious competition. Private mushroom growing is just being mastered by entrepreneurs and investors.
High profitability. Investments in opening a business pay off after the first good harvest.

An inspiring video about the experience of an entrepreneur from the Krasnodar region growing champignons at home:

Download business plan

A business plan is the very first step in opening a business. It reflects all aspects of the business: from its goals to the competent distribution of profits. A business plan specifies every action towards the implementation of an idea, acting as insurance against thoughtless spending and fiasco.

They draw up a plan based on an analysis of the mushroom growing industry and study of the specifics of the region. This is done by professional marketers. Thanks to ready-made plans from the Internet, you have the opportunity to understand the basic concept and develop your own document.

This approach is a real reconnaissance in force, because you yourself will analyze the competition, learn everything about the process technology, and even find potential buyers.

Download the finished sample from one of the links on this page. Don't forget that these are templates that you need to adapt to your idea.

Business in Russia. Guides to starting a business in the regions.
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* The calculations use average data for Russia

RUB 1,249,000

Minimum starting capital

4 months

Payback

270,000 ₽

Net profit

How to create a mushroom farm for growing champignons

Objective of the project– creation of a mushroom farm for growing bisporus champignons for the purpose of their subsequent sale in raw form in the Krasnodar Territory and the city of Krasnodar. A satellite growing system was chosen as a business idea, the essence of which is the production and collection of champignons without the equipment of a compost workshop. Compost for champignons is purchased ready-made from a specialized company in the volumes required for production. Thanks to this, the volume of initial capital investments is reduced and time resources are saved. The enterprise has a small format. Productivity per year is up to 17 tons of mushrooms per year.

low level of initial capital investment;

Financial calculations for the project were made for an enterprise that included 6 chambers with a total growing area of 570 sq. m. meters. The production cycle lasts about 60-63 days. The production technology is based on the implementation of three main stages: purchase and delivery of phase 2 compost, mycelium germination, mushroom picking. Next, the harvest is sold in small wholesale to retail chains in the city of Krasnodar and at its own retail outlet in the grocery market.

Profitability of growing champignons

Champignons are one of the most popular cultivated mushrooms in the world. They account for about 75-80% of all cultivated mushrooms. The market for cultivated mushrooms in Russia cannot be called developed - before the embargo was introduced in August 2014, imports significantly exceeded domestic production (92% versus 8%). However, the departure of imported manufacturers and the devaluation of the ruble with a subsequent increase in product prices spurred domestic production, which over the six months of 2015, according to various sources, grew from 15 to 22%.

Despite the reduction in imports (according to Rossiyskaya Gazeta, over 6 months of 2014 the amount of foreign products decreased by 24%), there is a shortage of mushroom products on the Russian market. These factors contribute to starting your own business.

The goal of the project is to open a mushroom farm for growing champignons in the Krasnodar region, with a productivity of up to 17 tons of mushrooms per year. The company is a farm in a village located 5 km from the border of the city of Krasnodar. The production is located in its own premises with an area of 320 square meters. meters, previously used as a warehouse. The mushroom farm has 6 growing chambers.

A distinctive feature of the production is working with ready-made compost (phase 2), which is purchased from a specialized company in Krasnodar. Compost is delivered in the form of briquettes. In this regard, the enterprise does not need its own composting workshop, which somewhat simplifies the production procedure.

The main advantages of a mushroom farm using ready-made compost are:

lower level of initial capital investment;

minimal risks of loss of yield;

simplification of the production process.

The company's staff consists of 5 people, including a technologist, a sales manager, an accountant, a salesperson and a mushroom picker. The enterprise management structure is simple. At the head of the business is the director of the enterprise, to whom the rest of the employees report directly. Form of ownership - individual entrepreneur with a simplified taxation system (6% of income received).

How to find a market for selling champignons

The company's produced and sold product is the champignon mushroom, which is considered one of the most cultivated mushrooms in the world. Champignon has a wonderful taste, is used in many dishes and has a number of beneficial properties. Champignons are stewed, fried, boiled, pickled, added to first and second courses and salads.

80% of the mushroom consists of water. Another 20% are vitamins, minerals and organic acids. Champignons are rich in phosphorus, the content of which is close to that of fish. Due to their low calorie content, champignons are considered a dietary product, and due to the absence of sugar, they can be consumed by people with diabetes. Substances contained in champignons reduce cholesterol levels and prevent the development of tumors. Also, consuming these mushrooms reduces the likelihood of a heart attack and prevents the development of atherosclerosis.

Due to their well-known nature and taste properties, the demand for champignons in Russia is constant. Mushrooms are sold both fresh, dried and canned. This project proposes the sale of exclusively fresh products (morning collection, cooling).

The products do not require any special pre-sale preparation, including only standard procedures (washing). Transportation is carried out in ordinary boxes with a capacity of 3-5 kg.

Champignons are an environmentally friendly product, for the production of which no chemicals are used. Since growing champignons requires compost, the issue of disposal of production waste is the removal of used compost. For every ton of phase 2 compost loaded into the growing chamber, about 600-650 waste compost remains at the end of the period. However, spent champignon compost can serve as a good fertilizer for gardeners and gardeners and serve as an additional source of income.

Marketing and sales of raw champignons

Raw champignons are in demand among a large category of the population who prepare their own food. Housewives choose them purposefully for preparing first or second courses, quite often choosing mushrooms by size. The key requirements for these mushrooms are simple, but extremely comprehensive - freshness and quality. However, such products cannot always be found in stores or markets. According to a survey conducted by the School of Mushroom Growing magazine in collaboration with the Department of Mycology and Algology of Moscow State University, 17% of respondents do not buy mushrooms because they are not satisfied with the quality, and also because they are simply not on the shelves at the time of visiting the store.

Poor-quality stale champignons may have a grayish color, dark spots on the caps, and damaged film. An indicator of a low-quality mushroom can also be its consistency, which can resemble a sponge and weak elasticity. In addition, the spoiled product has a weak or unpleasant odor.

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A high-quality champignon is distinguished by a white, slightly pinkish or soft beige color, a matte cap without spots. The mushroom film is either whole (in small champignons) or with tears (in large and medium ones). The smell of this mushroom is pleasant, and the mushroom feels elastic and dense to the touch. The production process will be aimed specifically at creating high-quality champignons.

Both small family farms and large enterprises sell champignons in Krasnodar. The price of raw products in the city varies from 80 rubles. (wholesale) up to 255 rub. per kilogram and averages 170 rubles. per kilogram. As a competitive advantage, at the initial stage it is planned to sell mushrooms at a price of 160 rubles. per kilogram.

If we characterize the situation on the Russian mushroom market as a whole, we can note trends that contribute to starting your own business. According to the magazine “School of Mushroom Growing”, in the first half of 2015, the volume of production of cultivated mushrooms in Russia increased by 15% compared to the same period in 2014. The production volume of champignons reached 4,720 tons, an increase of 606 tons.

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The growth of the market was facilitated by factors such as the fact that products were subject to an embargo (the import of fresh mushrooms from EU countries was prohibited), and as a result, a reduction in imports, as well as the devaluation of the ruble. Thanks to the current situation, manufacturers were able to increase production capacity and also raise selling prices. In particular, prices for champignons increased by an average of 35% compared to the first half of 2014.

At the initial stage, it is planned to sell the manufactured goods at our own retail outlet on the Krasnodar market, as well as in small wholesale. Refrigeration equipment is used to maintain freshness. The product does not need any large-scale advertising campaigns. It is planned to attract wholesale buyers using free advertisements on the Internet, as well as through our own connections. Delivery of products to the place of sale is organized using our own transport (cargo van).

Champignon production plan

The mushroom farm has a good location, located 5 km from the city of Krasnodar, where the products are sold. The main compost supplier is located within an hour's reach from the enterprise, with whom a supply agreement has been concluded.

Mushroom production technology includes several main stages. Due to the fact that ready-made compost is purchased, compost production is completely absent from the production cycle.

At the first stage Pasteurized compost (phase 2), seeded with mycelium and containing microelements necessary for mushroom growth, is purchased from a specialized company. The compost is packaged in a special shrink film and is a rectangular block weighing 20 kg. The mycelium itself, located in the block, is at an early stage of overgrowth. Compost delivery is organized within 24 hours to avoid the negative effects of temperature and external factors. The purchased batch of compost must correspond to the area of the germination chamber.

Second phase implies fruit formation. A rack system is used to grow champignons. Mushroom blocks are stacked horizontally. The film is cut off from the top of the briquette, and the side parts are lowered to the bottom to provide a single compost space. The film at the bottom of the briquette ensures the preservation of moisture necessary to obtain a high yield. The temperature required for germination is maintained in the chamber.

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At the third stage Fruiting and mushroom picking occurs. The harvest time after filling the chambers with phase 2 compost is about 35 days. Low yield is considered to be 130-160 kg/t. The average yield is about 160-190 kg/t, good and high 190-230 kg/t and from 230 kg/t, respectively. The temperature at the mushroom picking stage should be 17-18°C.

Collection is carried out daily or with short breaks between waves. The fruiting bodies are not cut off, but twisted out, then the remains of the root stalk are cut off. The collection process takes place while wearing gloves. For storage after harvesting, the crop is placed in a refrigerator. The quality of mushrooms and their shelf life are determined by their dry matter content, which is about 7-8%. If these indicators are exceeded, the mushrooms will be watery, and the shelf life will not exceed 2 days.

The total area of the mushroom farm is 320 square meters. meters. To obtain a regular harvest (at least 18-20 times a month), it is necessary to create 6 chambers with a total area of 288 square meters. meters (48 sq. meters each), since in this case it is possible to harvest from different chambers located at different waves of fruiting. In this case, the chamber is loaded with phase 2 compost every 10 days. An approximate schedule of work on a farm with 6 growing chambers is presented in Table. 1.

Table 1. Work schedule on the farm with three growing chambers

The costs of cleaning the premises, repairs, thermal insulation, dividing into growing chambers, as well as providing the necessary communications (light, water, heating) will amount to 579 thousand rubles.

The cost of equipping the premises (purchase and installation) will amount to 470 thousand rubles. To grow champignons, you will definitely need to equip the room with a ventilation and air conditioning system. This must be done in order to regulate the air temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide content in the chambers. It will also be necessary to equip the building with a cooling, heating, automatic climate control system, electrical and water supply systems, refrigeration chambers and 5-tier shelving. To reduce costs, it was decided to give preference to equipment that was partially used, but of good quality.

To ensure the operation of the enterprise, you will need 1 manager, whose role will be the owner and founder of the company. To ensure the production process, you will need 1 technologist, 2 mushroom pickers, a laborer, as well as a seller for your own outlet in the market. The staffing table and payroll are given in Table. 3

Table 3. Staffing and wage fund

Considering the use of 5-tier racks, the total growing area will be about 570 square meters. meters. In order to grow champignons in such an area you will need about 48 tons of compost. Compost weighing 8 tons is purchased once every 9 days in 20 kg briquettes (400 briquettes per batch), wrapped in shrink film. The cost per ton of compost is 9 thousand rubles. The cultivation rate, subject to the required standards, is 25-35%. The total production volume will be 12-16.8 tons per production cycle and 72-100 tons per year. Thus, 200 kg of mushrooms will be sold per day. Compost delivery is organized by a private carrier. The delivery time of compost to the mushroom farm is 45 min-70 min. The cost of delivery services is 500 rubles/hour.

As a result, the costs of the main period are based on wages to employees (102.7 thousand people), purchase of consumables, rent of a retail outlet on the market (8 thousand rubles per month), payment for compost delivery services (500 rubles per month). /hour), payment for housing and communal services, fuel and lubricants.

Organizational plan for growing champignons

The project implementation period will be 4 months. It is planned to complete repairs, redevelopment, and thermal insulation of the premises within 2.5 months. Another 1.5 months will be required to install the air conditioning and ventilation system and equip it with other equipment.

Direct management and management of the project is carried out by the owner, who solves the main strategic functions, combining his responsibilities with the functions of a sales manager. Daily operation is supported by 2 employees involved in collection and storage, a technologist, and a general worker who is also involved in loading and delivering mushrooms to the point of sale.

Financial plan for champignon production

The costs of the preparatory period required for equipment and repairs will amount to RUB 1,049,000. Taking into account working capital, the cost of the project will be 1,249,000 rubles. For implementation, it is planned to attract borrowed funds in the amount of 700,000 rubles. The loan term is 24 months. Interest rate - 22%. Deferred payment of the first installment – 3 months.

The financial indicators of the project - revenue, cash flow, net profit - are given in Appendix 1. Calculations are made based on the planned sales volume of 7.3 tons of mushrooms per month.

Assessment of the efficiency of growing champignons

The project to open a mushroom farm is characterized by a high level of efficiency, which is confirmed by the indicators given in Table. 4. The payback period of the project will be 7 months. The discounted payback period is 8 months. Net profit of 270 thousand rubles. upon reaching the planned volume, it is guaranteed for 3 months. work.

Table 4. Project performance indicators

Risks and guarantees of a mushroom farm

The project to open a mushroom farm for growing champignons is a well-developed type of business, and therefore the risks of implementing the business idea are minimal. Their reduction is also influenced by the presence of premises in the property, positioning of products in the middle price segment (160 rubles per kg of fresh champignons), and favorable market conditions. However, in the course of its activities, an enterprise may encounter some predictable and unpredictable circumstances, the assessment of which is presented in Table. 5.

Table 5. Assessment of project risks and measures to prevent their occurrence or their consequences

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ANNEX 1

Main financial indicators of the project in a five-year perspective

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