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A gas station business plan will help you understand whether opening it will be profitable and what difficulties you will have to face. First of all, you should decide on the start-up capital required to open a gas station. Working in this area of business involves obtaining a large number of permits, since this industry is recognized as dangerous at the legislative level. Registration of permitting documentation can take a long period and require significant financial investments.
Of course, the company's activities will be audited by the relevant government agencies so that they can ensure that all rules and regulations are being followed. Another characteristic feature of the business of selling fuel to the public is large start-up capital and significant operating costs. Experienced entrepreneurs recommend purchasing a plot of land and equipping it accordingly. The facility will need to be equipped with an alarm system and security guards hired. When opening a gas station from scratch, you must be prepared for the fact that it will take a lot of time to implement the project.
Choosing a project format
Of course, working in this field of activity requires a thoughtful approach. A gas station business plan, a ready-made example of which is given below, is the most important part of the process of starting your own business. First, you need to choose the format in which your company will operate. You can open a gas station under your own brand or purchase a franchise. A gas station can provide services for the sale of gasoline, diesel fuel and gas. Each direction has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Opening a gas station from scratch is not the best idea for a new entrepreneur. Opening such a business requires significant investment compared to operating under the brand name of a well-known enterprise. In addition to the impressive starting capital, you will be faced with the need to develop your own client base and problems with purchasing fuel. This means you risk going bankrupt quickly. However, this format also has its advantages: you can organize the work of a gas station at your own discretion, without adjusting it to the standards of a large company.
Aspiring entrepreneurs are recommended to start their business by purchasing a franchise. Similar services are provided by large well-known companies. Starting to work under the brand of this company, you will not have problems with fuel supply and customer base. The disadvantages of this format are: the inability to act independently, the need to pay a monthly franchise.
Choosing a territory for a gas station
Before starting the construction of a gas station, the following documents must be drawn up: an agreement for the supply of fuel, an agreement for the removal of solid waste, an agreement on rodent control. When opening your own business, you need to choose the territory where the gas station will be located. Typically, such enterprises are built near highways and busy avenues. Convenient access roads should be provided to your gas station. The area of the site depends on the scale of the project. As an example, let’s take the opening of a gas station with a tire service and a small cafe. In addition to these main facilities, it is necessary to locate fuel storage tanks, an administrative building and several gas stations on the territory. It is better to entrust the design and construction of production facilities to professionals.
After all the main facilities have been built, it is necessary to start purchasing equipment.
In order for your gas station to start functioning, you will need the following equipment: tanks for storing fuel, a tank for pumping gasoline, gas pumps, and a storm drain tank. When opening a gas filling station, you will need a slightly different list of equipment. To implement such a project, a tie-in into the city gas pipeline will be required. It is mandatory to install a compressor to liquefy the gas. Opening such stations is expensive, so even in large cities they are available in small quantities.
In addition to the production line, you should also take care of the automation of work processes. To do this, you need to purchase a computer and install the appropriate software. It is necessary to arrange a staff rest room, a cashier's workplace and a bathroom. If you plan to add a store or cafe to the gas station, you will have to equip these premises as well.
The opening of a gas station will not be permitted without the installation of a fire alarm.
Drawing up a contract for the supply of fuel is the most important part of a gas station business plan. Working as a franchise, you will always be provided with high-quality fuel from a well-known brand. Starting a business from scratch, you may face the problem of finding suppliers among oil refining companies. You can enter into a contract for the supply of gasoline with an oil depot, so you can purchase fuel at a good discount.
Taking into account the provision of services around the clock, it will be necessary to organize the work of personnel in several shifts. The optimal schedule is considered to be every three days. The shift should include: a gas station operator, a cashier and a security guard. Additionally, you will need to hire a janitor, accountant and manager.
Calculation of business profitability
Let's give an example of calculating the costs of opening one gas station in a large city. Acquiring ownership of a plot within the city will cost you 25 million rubles, paperwork - 2 million rubles, construction of production facilities - 6.5 million rubles, purchase of equipment - 3 million rubles. Thus, the starting investment when opening a gas station will be 36.5 million rubles.
Now let’s calculate the annual expenses: staff salaries - 5 million rubles, purchase of fuel - 10 million rubles, taxes - 1.5 million rubles, operating expenses - 2 million rubles. The average annual revenue of a gas station is 25 million rubles, minus operating expenses, we get a net profit of 6.5 million rubles. Financial investments will pay off in 5-6 years.
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Retail sale of automobile fuel is a highly profitable business. For this reason, many novice entrepreneurs are wondering: how to open a gas station from scratch and how much does it cost?
In this article we will look at how to open a gas station and present a detailed example of a business plan with calculations. We will also find out what permits are needed for this, and calculate the size of the required financial investments in order to understand how much it costs to open a gas station.
Business specifics
Opening your own gas station is not an easy task and requires a lot of entrepreneurial experience. This type of business requires investing a lot of money, so it is worth making an adequate assessment of your financial capabilities. Not every newcomer will be able to compete with Rosneft gas stations.
Experts do not recommend this type of entrepreneurship if you are opening your first business. It will be easier for market newcomers to open a gas station as a franchise and work under the wing of a well-known brand. In this case, they will be provided with stable fuel supplies and a wide base of potential customers.
Running a business independently involves searching for loyal suppliers with flexible terms of cooperation and stable, regular supplies of fuel. As a rule, such suppliers are small oil refineries.
Drivers often give preference to gas stations with a well-known name, which must also be taken into account. To win regular visitors, we can recommend introducing your own system of cumulative bonuses for regular customers, so that it is profitable for them to refuel with you. It is constantly necessary to generate new ideas for promoting your brand.
Every year the number of motorists increases, and hence the demand for automobile fuel. The very high barrier to entry into this niche is compensated by a fairly quick payback, and for this you need to draw up the necessary business plan.
First steps
First of all, you need to study the gas station market and assess the level of supply in your region. Determine your competitive advantages. At this stage, it is worth understanding whether you will run a completely independent business, or resort to franchising.
There are two more ways to become the owner of your own gas station: buy a ready-made business or become a tenant.
Services for the sale of fuel and lubricants are subject to licensing. You will have to take care in advance of obtaining a license for the right to store and sell fuel. This right is confirmed by the presence of documents stamped in the established format.
Two different formats
As already noted, before opening your own gas station, you need to decide on the fundamental principle of your future business. This can be a completely independent activity or a franchise. Going free in this area and opening a gas station from scratch, without having the relevant experience, is too risky an undertaking due to many complex nuances.
According to experts, the best option for a novice entrepreneur is to work under a franchise from leading market leaders. A recognizable logo of a large company such as Gazprom or Lukoil always attracts car enthusiasts.
Franchising has a number of advantages, including:
- Assistance from experienced specialists at the stage of opening a business.
- Consulting during the organization of gas station operation.
- Ensuring fuel supplies from reliable suppliers.
- Working on behalf of a well-known brand means a steady flow of clients.
Buying a franchise also has its disadvantages:
- strict adherence to corporate standards;
- lack of freedom in matters of pricing policy;
- mandatory and regular franchise payments.
Having decided on the format of the business, you should consider the issue of registering it with municipal and tax authorities. Large companies like Gazprom operate on a common taxation system, therefore, they are VAT payers.
For this reason, suppliers such as Rosneft cannot include transactions with individual entrepreneurs in their expenses and income. Hence the main recommendation: a gas station requires registration as a legal entity - a Limited Liability Company (LLC). After acquiring this status, your company will have its own corporate seal.
Having registered your business, you can proceed to the next, no less important steps - choosing the location of your future gas station and preparing design estimates.
Selecting a location
Location is an extremely important issue, both from the point of view of potential profitability and from the point of view of security requirements. You will need to study a lot of information about the state of the market. You should carefully analyze the traffic flow in your city and the availability of vacant land.
Gas stations are usually located on busy highways and junctions. Refueling must be provided with convenient access. The size of the required area is determined by the following criteria:
- A variety of types of fuel sold (gasoline, diesel fuel, methane, propane).
- Number of dispensers.
- Presence/absence of operating cafes, mini-stores, etc. within the gas station.
The average plot area is usually 100 m2.
You can download it here to use as an example.
Project preparation
Every new enterprise, especially a large one, requires high-quality design preparation. Here specialized design organizations are at your service. They begin their work with a well-written technical specification.
Design documents of the planned structure must take into account many requirements for high-risk facilities. The current building regulations provide for the implementation of the following standards:
- fire protection;
- sanitary;
- environmental protection
According to established standards, gas stations cannot be located at a distance of less than 30 m from residential buildings, schools, kindergartens and other public institutions. The placement of gas stations must not violate the current city general plan.
You should be mentally prepared to work with many licensing authorities. Approval procedures take a lot of time and effort. It is necessary to take into account the considerable time required for project approval. Many entrepreneurs managed to resolve this issue within six months.
After approval of the gas station project, construction work on the construction of basic infrastructure can begin. A parallel process will be the search and purchase of technological equipment.
Equipment selection
Today's market is replete with offers from both foreign and domestic manufacturers. You should not chase cheapness in this matter, because the quality of the equipment largely depends on its service life. Of course, it is worth carefully studying the existing offers and finding among them the optimal one in terms of price and quality.
Its minimum composition may look like this:
- Fuel storage tank, V=15 m3 – 4 pcs.
- Emergency fuel storage tank, V=15 m3 – 1 pc.
- Capacity for storm drainage system, V=10 m3 – 1 pc.
- Fuel dispenser (fuel dispenser) with two sleeves – 2 pcs.
If it is technically possible, it is better to connect the storm drainage system to city communications. In addition to purchasing the basic equipment, you will need various shutoff valves, cables, and remote controls. A separate stage will be setting up the software for maximum automation of the gas station. The software's tasks also include printing out information balances.
A mandatory part of the work will be the installation of security alarms and CCTV cameras. The high cost of material and technical assets and the increased danger of the facility require proper organizational security measures.
Integral elements are the laying of high-quality asphalt pavement and the installation of rain shelters. The road surface requires the application of the required markings using wear-resistant paints and varnishes.
Gas stations selling gaseous automobile fuel require specialized equipment.
Gas stations
Market experts highly appreciate the prospects for the development of gas stations that sell gaseous fuel. No wonder Gazprom is actively developing this area.
The organization of methane gas stations requires the technological possibility of inserting into the communications of the city gas pipeline. If your gas station sells propane, then start searching for the appropriate equipment and supplier of this type of fuel in advance. The operation of a gas filling station requires the purchase of additional compressor equipment.
The quality of construction work depends, first of all, on the qualifications of the performers. Let's look at the issue of required personnel in more detail below.
Staff
Considering that the gas station operates around the clock, work should be organized in several shifts. The following staff are required to perform each work shift:
- cashier – 1 person;
- fuel dispenser operator – 2 people;
- security guard – 1 person.
To ensure a stable supply of fuel, a car gas station requires a supply department. The staff should also include repairmen and electricians in case of equipment failure. Financial statements should be entrusted to an experienced accountant with a personal seal.
The staff must be neat, polite and attentive to customers. Service at Gazprom-level gas stations is at a solid level. You should look up to him. For recognition, you need to order the production of original uniforms for the employees of your gas station.
Opening cost
We will calculate the estimated cost of opening a gas station on your own and the possible amount of income from its operation. The figures below may vary depending on each specific region. The cost of purchasing and renting a plot of land can vary, even within the same city.
So, the average items of expenses and income look like this:
| 1 | Purchase of land | 15÷25 million rub. | |
| Preparation of design and estimate documentation and registration of permits | 2 million rubles |
||
| 3 | Construction works | 6÷10 million rub. | |
| 4 | Purchase of capital equipment | 3 million rubles | |
| 5 | Payment of utility services | 0.120 million rubles/year | |
| 6 | Staff salaries | 5.5 million rubles/year | |
| 7 | Purchasing fuel | 10 million rubles/year | |
| 8 | Payment of duties, taxes and fees | 1.5 million rubles/year | |
| 9 | Depreciation deductions | 2 million rubles/year | |
| 10 | Sales of fuel to the public | 24 million rubles/year | |
| 11 | Other income (mini store, cafe, etc.) | 1 million rubles/year |
In total, the minimum investment will be 26 million rubles. The indicated level of annual costs is indicative.
Payback periods largely depend on the success of the business. When selling 50 thousand liters of fuel per month, full payback is achieved in 4 years. This figure can be significantly reduced if you open a gas station as a franchise. Replacing the purchase of a land plot with its rental will also help reduce the payback period.
Profitability can increase if, in addition to the gas station, a related business on its territory brings profit. This can be achieved through the activities of a store or cafeteria.
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Vehicle fleets with a large number of rolling stock have to solve every day the problem of what fuel to use, where to refuel the equipment and how to save money. Centralized refueling at regular gas stations, even with fuel cards, is unprofitable: collusion, theft and underfilling are the order of the day in this case. Everyone understands this, however, the majority of large motor vehicles consider an agreement with fuel networks to be the optimal solution. “There are a lot of inconsistencies. For example, a road train left Central Russia for a remote region, and even at branded gas stations using cards we observe a stable underfilling,” says Kirill Vodin, Deputy General Director of Vesta Transport Company LLC. “As a result, we even had to change the fuel company because of this, plus organize our own gas station on the territory of the vehicle fleet.”
Is it possible to organize fuel distribution directly on the territory of the enterprise? Until recently, this path was very difficult. In order to build your own gas station on the territory of a vehicle fleet and legally own this facility, it was necessary to go through many authorities and obtain dozens of pages of permitting documentation. Only large automobile plants could afford this.
Everything changed in 2012, when gas stations were removed from the control of Rostekhnadzor, which fundamentally changed the possibility of operating all types of gas stations. “At the moment, the principle of construction and operation of container gas stations is regulated only by the Ministry of Emergency Situations, but with one caveat: if the gas station is not located on the territory of a hazardous production facility (Rostechnadzor is additionally involved here). Only the Ministry of Emergency Situations classifies different types of stations in its main documents NPB 111-98 and the set of rules “Car filling stations. Fire Safety Requirements” dated July 1, 2014,” says Yuriy Kolesnikov, General Director of the Penzaspetsavtomash association (Benza brand).
CONTAINER AND MODULAR gas stations
Today there are many products on the Russian market that have different names, but essentially perform the same functions. These include container and mobile gas stations, fuel and refueling modules. A modular gas station is a station, the technological system of which is designed for refueling vehicles only with liquid motor fuel and is characterized by an above-ground location of the tank and the separation of the fuel dispenser (TRK) and the fuel storage container. A containerized gas station (KAZS) differs from a modular one only in that the fuel dispenser is located in a container for storing fuel.
In fact, from the point of view of compliance with NPB 111-98, it is absolutely unimportant what the products are called, the main thing is that they are made as a single product. “Any design that meets these parameters and has all the necessary certificates for a single factory product must and will be classified by fire inspectors as a container gas station and nothing else,” says Yuriy Kolesnikov. “Only the customer can choose, based on the factors of further operation, what the gas station should look like - sewn into a container or left with an open tank; the standards do not regulate this.”
With the removal of gas stations from the register of hazardous production facilities by Rostechnadzor in 2012, the situation with the installation and operation of gas stations has seriously changed for the better. Now, if a car company installs a filling station for its own needs on its territory and the installation does not require capital construction, the owner does not have to obtain any licenses or permits to operate the station. All that is required is to comply with fire safety standards for gas stations. Firstly, you need to maintain the distance to various categories of objects and prepare a site with an entry and exit zone and install a fence to prevent vehicles from hitting the filling station. Secondly, it is necessary to make a base for a gas station in the form of a road slab of certain dimensions and install it. Finally, thirdly, appoint those responsible for carrying out fire safety measures.
Basic requirements for placing a container filling station: 25 meters away from buildings and structures and that there is no water supply running under the equipment
In addition, special technical requirements must be met. For example, a filling station must have its own pump for receiving fuel from a fuel tanker with automatic shutdown when the tank is filled (it is prohibited to pump fuel into the filling station using a fuel tanker pump). A system for monitoring the inter-wall space of the tank with warning of depressurization is required. Technological compartments must be fenced off from the tank by a non-flammable (metal) partition of the first type. If the tank, along with the pipelines, is sewn into a container, automatic ventilation with gas sensors is required. All of the above-described design features are primarily monitored by inspectors from the Ministry of Emergency Situations.
Only State Unitary Enterprise MO Mostransavto can afford its own traditional gas station.
Among other specific requirements for the technological equipment of modular and container gas stations, we note the need to make double-walled fuel storage tanks. At the same time, the total capacity of the tanks of a container gas station should not exceed 40 m 3 when it is located in populated areas and 60 m 3 when located outside populated areas.
A very important point is the documentation for the filling station. There must be not only a certificate of conformity or a declaration of the Customs Union at the gas station, but also a passport with operating instructions. In addition, environmental and sanitary certificates are required. If a gas filling station is installed at a hazardous production facility, other permitting documents may be required.
According to documents and certificates, this should be a station for dispensing and refueling - a single product, and not a tank and other components separately, experts note. Otherwise, this type of project will be classified as a fuel depot or a traditional gas station. Then the enterprise is obliged to register these facilities with Rostechnadzor and obtain a license for hazardous production. The so-called mini-gas stations with a single-wall tank and one fuel dispenser do not solve the issue of legal operation of gas stations. They can only be used as a mobile mobile tank, where it is necessary to refuel equipment, often changing the location of the gas station. For example, during agricultural or road work.
Automatic fuel distribution to drivers using smart cards is possible as an option
WITHOUT OPERATOR
At the moment, at filling stations it is possible to establish fully automated, operator-free remote control over the amount of fuel, its unauthorized drainage and automatic distribution to drivers using smart cards or chip keys. “This is very convenient, since there is no need to receive an operator, and information will be sent online to the office via a wireless channel,” comments Svetlana Bykova, head of the convoy of Vesta Transport Company LLC. - You can set fuel limits for drivers or for a car for a day, week or month. It is also possible to control exact data: who refueled and when, analyze the remaining fuel in tanks, see the temperature, density of the fuel, the amount of produced water, the amount of fuel received from the fuel tanker to the filling station.”
Gas stations with such systems will help reduce fuel theft by the organization’s personnel and under-delivery of fuel by unscrupulous suppliers of petroleum products to zero. Automation systems are all approximately the same in functionality, differing only in various small nuances, equipment manufacturer and cost.
An electric pump with a metering meter in a closed case is convenient for refueling equipment in the field.
If we talk about the complete automation of the supply of fuel to transport enterprises, then we should mention the project developed by the Volgaresurs company. The scheme includes the installation of an automatic mobile fuel filling station (AMFFS) at the enterprise, delivery of fuel by supplier’s transport, testing of fuel quality at all stages in an accredited laboratory, service by a single control center, and transparent pricing. Drivers who fuel their own trucks are issued fuel cards. They can be both general - impersonal, and nominal. It is noteworthy that fuel cards can be limited in the amount of fuel supplied. The limit is set either by the company providing car refueling services, or directly by the customer of the service - the motor carrier. There is no access to fuel except through a limited fuel card. In this case, the AMTZS can be additionally equipped with a terminal that issues a receipt attached to the waybill. Since the entire system is fully automated, the head of the transport organization or the responsible person from the financial group receives a detailed report on the movement of fuel every day in a strictly defined form. The summary contains information about which car was refueled, how much fuel was dispensed, at what time the refueling took place, and so on, right down to the photograph of the driver who used the fuel card. The accounting department of the auto company compares the data from the report with internal documentation.
Basic requirements for locating an AMTZ: 25 meters away from buildings and structures, and that there is no water supply running under the equipment. The base must be laid with slabs, and bumpers must be present to ensure safety. To connect electrical power, it is necessary to organize a cable supply rated for a power of at least 10 kW. The duration of the refueling module’s presence at the customer’s premises is regulated solely by the agreement for the rental of the fuel station and the purchase of fuel. The standard production and installation time for a station is about 2.5 months. Having previously drawn up the technical specifications, the customer has the opportunity to indicate all the options he needs. For example, if you have a mixed fleet of equipment, the supplier may offer containers with a different number of sections. By agreement with the customer, the container can be divided into compartments of the required volume. For example, one will store diesel fuel, the other will store gasoline.
Can a carrier make money from a gas station installed on its territory? Yes, such a possibility exists. For example, two convoys are based not far from each other. If there is an AMTZ on the territory of one of them, then the neighbor can refuel his cars there at an attractive price, but at the same time the owner of the AMTZ will have his own profit from the sale of petroleum products. At the same time, not only company cars, but also employees’ personal cars can be refueled at a low price, which will make the employer even more attractive.
With this scheme, the carrier’s costs for installing equipment are close to zero, since he purchases the service of refueling vehicles. In this case, all maintenance operations, equipment repairs, tank cleaning, and so on are performed by the service provider. All responsibility for the quality of fuel also falls on the supplier. All the transport company pays is the cost of the fuel supplied. At the same time, equipment costs are included in the cost of a liter, and it is cheaper than at network gas stations. The only drawback of this solution is the long-term connection to one fuel company, and this does not suit all carriers.
Considering that the cost of fossil fuels tends to only increase, many businessmen are thinking about whether it is profitable to open a gas station, because every year there are more and more cars that use gas equipment. However, traditional types of fuel are now in no less demand. Therefore, a completely logical question may arise: “How to open a gas station?”
Relevance of the problem
At the moment, in the world (and Russia is no exception), large and small businesses are developing at a fairly rapid pace. For an entrepreneur, the most popular and popular areas now are the following: agriculture, trade and the service sector.
The latter becomes the most relevant. If we talk about how to open a gas station, it is worth noting that this can become a particularly profitable enterprise. This type of business is becoming increasingly popular, since almost everyone has their own vehicle: motorcycles, cars or trucks, etc.
Fuel is a fairly valuable energy source and an indispensable component for the functioning of transport, because all cars run on gasoline and diesel fuel. The first is a valuable petroleum product, which is why it is constantly in demand. Therefore, if you are thinking about how to open a gas station, then you should know that this business can become very profitable. It's worth considering how to do this from scratch.
Selecting a location and required documents
The first thing you need to organize a business in this area, as in any other, is to register with the Federal Tax Service as an individual entrepreneur or LLC. In the second case, you will need more time and money, but this will give you the opportunity to make transactions with individuals and legal entities.
In the first case, we can talk about the possibility of making transactions exclusively with individuals. During the registration process, you will be required to pay government fees. After this, you will need to collect certain documents, namely, obtain a license for storing oil and fuel from the Ministry of Fuel, obtain permission to lease land from local authorities, and also enter into a lease agreement.
If we talk about how to open a gas station, we should note the importance of placing it correctly. It would be best to organize a gas station in an area where there is no competition. First, you should take a closer look at the area.
It is advisable to build a gas station on the outskirts of the city, or when leaving it, since usually there are not so many of them in such places. Speaking about how to open a gas station, it should be noted the importance of developing a list of services provided, namely: sales of gasoline of different brands, gas and diesel fuel.
Purchase of necessary equipment and provision of additional services
In case you are wondering how much it costs to open a gas station, it should be noted that the price will include the purchase of the necessary equipment, namely: fuel pumps, control systems, display cases, fire safety stands, cash register, bar counters, shelves, kitchen appliances and other things. All this equipment is quite expensive.
However, it is not enough to just buy it; it is important to place everything correctly and rationally. Speaking about how to build a gas station, it should be noted that you can not only sell fuel, but also organize a store nearby where spare parts and tools will be sold. Opening a cafe can be very promising, as passing drivers will have the opportunity to have a snack and relax.
Supplies
When understanding how much it costs to open a gas station, it should be noted that the business plan provides for the next step, which is to set up fuel supplies. To do this, you need to find a good supplier. This is not a problem for a big city, as there are many companies supplying gasoline, gas and diesel fuel.
The most valued fuel is from famous brands, for example, Lukoil. And here you can offer to start franchising. And here the question arises, how much does it cost to open a Lukoil gas station? Franchising implies that a future businessman enters into an agreement for the right to use a brand.
Usually it costs about 25-30 thousand rubles per year. However, this is a useful investment, because this way you can attract many clients. Most drivers prefer to buy gasoline exclusively from well-known companies. This way you can increase the demand for the products offered, and therefore your income.
Recruitment
If you are thinking about how to open a gas station, you should understand that this will require hiring a staff of workers. It is recommended to hire people who have at least some experience in this field. How many people do you need to organize a full-fledged activity?
To operate, you will need two gas station attendants, salespeople, security guards, and a manager. All of them must have certificates in this profession. The number of employees is directly dependent on the size of the gas station, as well as on the number of cars for which it is designed. Usually eight, but there may be other options.
Once staff have been recruited, fuel prices will need to be set. It is worth noting that well-known brands like Lukoil will be in most demand. LUKOIL is a fairly large company whose activity is the sale of oil and petroleum products.
If you are wondering how much it costs to open a gas station, then it should be noted that in order to establish a business you will need to fulfill a number of conditions: rationally place the gas station and equip it, do not inflate prices, and also provide a high level of quality service. It is also necessary to think about ensuring that all personnel comply with fire safety requirements, because gasoline is a liquid that is quite flammable.
Gas station: business plan
Not everyone can open a gas station. This business is quite expensive. On average, organizing a Lukoil gas station requires approximately 6 million rubles. Renting a plot of land will require a very considerable amount of money. This will cost 100-1500 thousand rubles.
Purchasing equipment for gas stations also involves quite significant costs, and here we are talking about a million rubles or more. In addition, the construction of a gas station will require about two million rubles. Approximately the same amount will be required to pay staff salaries. These calculations are relevant for any city, regardless of size.
However, you should not immediately be afraid of such large expenses, because the income from the gas station’s activities will be considerable, approximately 20-30 thousand rubles per day. A cafe and a car parts store can become additional sources of income. In a month, revenue may well reach 600 thousand rubles.
An important component of the fuel business is establishing relationships with suppliers. It will be most profitable to develop relations with large oil companies that have not only an oil depot, but also the rest of the infrastructure. This is the only way to guarantee high quality fuel.
Safety
Even if you are interested in how to open a gas station, you should know that such a business requires special precautions. A modern fuel station should more closely resemble a serious banking institution than a minimarket.
Windows and doors should definitely be armored, and the cashier and his equipment should not be visible at all. Under no circumstances may a cashier open doors during working hours or leave his or her position. Mandatory equipment that a gas station must be equipped with is a panic button.
Control
An important component of the business plan before opening a gas station is compliance of operating standards with current legal requirements. A lot of inspection organizations will constantly monitor your activities. You must always be prepared and not be afraid of any checks.
Most often, gas stations are visited by representatives of the trade inspectorate, oil inspectorate, fire and tax services. The station must be built accordingly, and also be interested in complying with all existing rules. This is very important if the business owner intends to stay in this market for a long time.
Sales norms
On average, a gas station sells approximately 3-5 cubic meters of gasoline per day. If you constantly care about the quality of the product, then this figure may be slightly overestimated. If you are interested in how to organize electric gas stations, then it is worth noting that it is better to combine them with traditional gas stations.
Professional tricks
There are a number of tricks in this business that at first glance seem small, but they are very expensive. It is known that gasoline can increase in volume at high temperatures. Therefore, you must definitely monitor the temperature of the substance when pouring it into a fuel tanker.
When accepting gasoline, receptionists may stick the measuring stick excessively into the storage container. This will cause the liquid to splash, which will lead to the formation of a wave. The result of this will be the fact that the drained liquid will be left unaccounted for.
All of the above about how to open a gas station may lead to the conclusion that this activity is quite expensive and difficult. This business has a significant advantage - a gas station can be built in just a few weeks.
And the payback of such an enterprise is quite fast, while the profit is very high. In the business plan, the most important place is given to the correct location of the gas station. This should be an area without competitors in the city center or when leaving it. Construction of a gas station will require the purchase of expensive equipment.
Choosing the right employees is important to the success of a business. They must have suitable education as well as certifications. In order for the business to start operating, you will need to collect a complete list of necessary documentation.
Otherwise, we are talking about illegal entrepreneurship. If you have initial capital, you have certain organizational skills, as well as a desire to increase your own wealth, then the construction of a gas station will be an excellent direction worth investing in.
Investing your savings in the gasoline business is like buying a thoroughbred stallion. First, you will have to invest a fairly large sum: “blue” blood is not cheap, and in order for the stallion to grow up smooth, playful and agile, you also need to try. However, you will soon realize that your money was not wasted. The new business will not only return the money spent in full, but will also bring significant profit. If, of course, you follow all the rules for maintaining and caring for your source of income. And, of course, you will learn a number of necessary subtleties, and our gas station business plan will help you with this.
Map of gasoline influences
First, let's take a look around and determine on the ground how much this sector of the economy has been developed. There is no doubt that activity in this area is increasing noticeably every day. Gas stations appear like mushrooms after rain. Today there are about 1.5 thousand of them in the Moscow region alone. Naturally, the gas station owners are different.
At the moment, several major players have emerged. Among them are LUKOIL, YUKOS, Rosneft, Slavneft, Sibneft, TNK, Tatneft. However, it is too early to consider this market to be permanently divided. Because its active restructuring is currently underway.
Back in the mid-90s. the state distributed the regions among different large oil companies. Rosneft got the center of Russia, in particular Moscow, Smolensk and some other regions. TNK received the Ryazan region, YUKOS - Buryatia. Each company developed a business strictly in the territory allotted to it, built its own infrastructure there - oil refineries, oil depots, a network of gas stations, and did not try to penetrate the neighbor’s fence.
Until 2001, all major oil companies strictly adhered to the established rules of the game. And then the picture began to change dramatically - the main players stopped complying with territorial obligations and began to penetrate into areas of interest to them, becoming competitors of the structures already deployed there. Thus, Sibneft was actually the last to enter the Central Russian market. Therefore, she had to seize territories that already belonged to someone. Now the company is poorly represented in the Moscow region, but has already “set its eye” on part of this market. And LUKOIL, which had not previously sought to enter the capital, set itself the task of owning more than a hundred gas stations in Moscow and the Moscow region. It is planned that the company's share in this market will be 10%. In fact, such tactics of diversifying investments are now very popular among large players: in each region, giant companies are trying to cover approximately this market segment.
However, the aggressive policy also has its advantage - it benefits the consumer, because the giants are doing their best to promote their brands in the country. How can you surprise a buyer who is unaccustomed to commodity shortages these days? Only the level of service and the quality of the product.
However, despite the active changes, there are still uninhabited areas in the oil business, i.e. free places. And if you are excited about the idea of entering this market, then it is better to immediately choose your path. You can do everything yourself: build your own gas station and run your business completely independently. That is, to become a so-called “jobber”. Another option is to organize a company under the trademark of a well-known oil company, entering into a franchising relationship with it.
Today, both direct subsidiaries of LUKOIL, YUKOS, Rosneft and other large players, as well as private owners, are appearing in large numbers. Moreover, many oil companies are rapidly revising plans for the construction of new gas stations towards intensification, trying to have time to acquire their own distribution network before the general fall in prices for export oil. Experts believe that by 2005 the gasoline retail market will be saturated and new pumps will not be needed.
Gas station construction cost
First, you will have to rent land and acquire special licenses for storing oil, gas and their products. Licenses are issued by the Ministry of Fuel and Energy. However, you should not be afraid of difficulties. There is a very small fee for processing documents at the ministry.
But you will have to pay for the right to build a gas station on a specific site. Land, for example, in the Moscow region, with the preparation of all the necessary documents, will cost $100,000. There are companies that, for this money, will take care of all the paperwork and organizational red tape and bring ready-made documents to your office. The high cost is explained by the fact that in Russia there are quite strict construction standards, and hence the need to coordinate construction documents with various authorities.
It is for this reason that mini-gas stations are not yet possible in our country, as is customary in many Western countries. But a small gasoline tank and just one pump on the sidewalk in Paris, for example, bring huge profits. Alas, our SNiPs and rules do not allow business to be conducted in this way. Therefore, there is not a single gas station inside the boulevard ring in Moscow. They say it’s close to home – less than 30 m. Although such trade would be extremely profitable. Any aspiring gasoline seller, when choosing a potential location for his gas station, should keep this figure in mind.
Naturally, you cannot do without special equipment. The cheapest minimum set of 2 columns and a computer costs $40,000. But two columns are too small a gas station, although they are capable of dispensing several types of fuel at once. Usually there are at least four pumps at a gas station. Of course, there are differences between columns: there are cheaper models, and there are more expensive ones. Typically, savvy businessmen spend from $100,000 to $200,000 on equipment.
And everything else: access roads, a building for the operator, gasoline tanks - at a minimum - from $50,000. This is if you decide to do without a store, car wash and auto repair shop. But at first they are not necessary. In general, a turnkey gas station costs $500,000. This includes all permits, land and other associated costs.
The most important thing is not to get too carried away with bank loans in pursuit of future profits. Now gas stations of many companies are mortgaged for debts. Their owners took out a loan and built a gas station with the money they received. However, they were in no hurry to repay the debt, and they took out a new loan as collateral for the finished gas station in order to build another gas station. The result was a pyramid. Moreover, it is quite shaky. Such a business can disappear in an instant. Well, if the margin received from the gas station is high, then perhaps there will be enough money for everything. It will also be possible to repay the debt. What if there is a crisis? Or will wholesale fuel prices skyrocket? In such situations, gasoline sales volumes at gas stations fall, and gas stations built on the word of honor are threatened with bankruptcy.
Franchising
Many gasoline sellers believe that the favorable location of a gas station and its technical equipment do not guarantee sustainable profits. That's why so-called franchising is popular today. A small gas station owner, using the brand of one of the well-known oil companies, increases sales. As the experience of the Smolensk region has shown, only moving under the wing of LUKOIL doubles the sale of gasoline at an ordinary private gas station.
A franchise agreement costs a gas station owner only $700 per year. In fact, this is a rental fee for a well-known trademark. At first, nothing else will be required from you. But in exchange you can receive gasoline of proven quality. If, of course, this is geographically possible. When choosing a patron company, first find out if there is an oil depot or oil refinery that it owns near you. Otherwise, there may be interruptions in the supply of quality fuel. After all, you can’t carry gasoline from afar: the capacity of the most common ZIL fuel tanker is 12 cubic meters. m, and more powerful cars are able to transport up to 40 cubic meters. m.
Keep in mind that when concluding a franchising agreement with you, after some time the company will require detailed compliance with its corporate identity. According to large companies, this increases the competitiveness of gas stations. For example, LUKOIL has released an entire brochure with recommendations on the use of corporate identity for gas stations cooperating with it. This brochure covers every detail: what size and color signs should be, what uniforms staff should wear, at what height flags should be hung, and even how to place trash cans. So, you will have to rebuild the gas station according to a certain standard. Remodeling can be very expensive - up to $150,000. In order not to waste money in vain, it is better to build a gas station for “someone” from the very beginning.
Where and how much to buy gasoline
An important element of the gasoline business is a close relationship with the tank farm or refinery. Here you can negotiate better wholesale prices and arrange the most convenient mode for receiving goods. For example, on consignment terms. However, no matter how much you flirt directly with the oil depot, experience still shows that it is most profitable to establish relations with a large oil company that has both its own oil depot and the rest of the infrastructure. This guarantees the quality of gasoline.
To better navigate the wholesale fuel prices, it is useful to use the Internet. The most complete and up-to-date information is on the website www.kortes.ru. Daily information costs about $50. However, there is also a free way - through the Internet exchange for the sale and purchase of petroleum products (www.nge.ru). True, analytical information about market trends is still provided for money.
Prices today in the European part of Russia.
The highest selling prices for gasoline grades A-76/80, A-92 and AI-95/96 are from the Kinef plant (Surgutneftegaz Oil Company) - 9015.6; 11763.6 and 12813.6 rubles/t, respectively.
Lowest selling price:
for gasoline grade A-76/80 from the Salavat NOS plant - 6612.0 rubles/t;
for gasoline grade A-92/93 at the Moscow Refinery (NK Sibneft) - 8500.0 rubles/t;
for AI-95/96 gasoline from the NK Slavneft plant (Yaroslav NOS) - 10,000.0 rubles/t.
Highest price:
for winter diesel fuel at the Ukhtaneftepererabotka plant (LUKOIL Oil Company) - 8500.0 rubles/t;
for summer diesel fuel at LUKOIL plants (Nizhny Novgorod NOS and Volgogradneftepererabotka) - 7450.0 rubles/t.
The lowest price:
for winter diesel fuel at the Nizhnekamsk Oil Refinery (NK Tatneft) - 6,700.0 rubles/t;
for summer diesel fuel from the Salavat NOS plant - 5800.0 rubles/t.
Prices today outside the Urals.
The highest selling prices for gasoline of the A-76/80, A-92/93 and Ai-95/96 brands are at the Angarsk Petrochemical Company (NK YUKOS) - 8200.1; 10200.0 and 11600.2 rubles/t, respectively.
The lowest price:
for gasoline grade A-76/80 - Surgut ZSK - 6832.0 rubles/t;
for gasoline grades A-92/93 and AI-95/96 - Omsk Oil Refinery (NK Sibneft) - 8900.0 and 10300.0 rubles/t, respectively.
The highest selling prices for summer and winter diesel fuel are at the Angarsk Petrochemical Company (NK YUKOS) - 6600.0 and 9400.1 rubles/t, respectively.
The cheapest summer and winter diesel fuel is from the Omsk Refinery (NK Sibneft) - 6200.0 and 8500.0 rubles/t, respectively.
Selling prices include all indirect taxes: excise duty, value added tax (VAT), tax on the sale of fuels and lubricants (NDF).
We must remember that this does not always happen. The Tax Code allows excise taxes to be collected both from oil refineries and tank farms, and from gas stations. Therefore, when buying gasoline, you need to pay attention to what exactly is included in the selling price of fuel. Indeed, depending on this, the price gap can be significant. The excise tax in Russia for A-76(80) gasoline is 2190 rubles/t, for A-92 and A-95 - 3000 rubles/t, for diesel fuel - 890 rubles/t.
Safety
There is an opinion that the gasoline business is criminal. However, the level of its criminalization is no higher than throughout the country. Local authorities are not interested in the death of an enterprise that lays “golden eggs.” True, in response they force owners to take maximum precautions. A modern gas station should resemble a banking institution, and not an ordinary minimarket. Doors and windows should certainly be made armored, and the cashier and his equipment should not be visible. Plus, under no circumstances does the cashier have the right to open the door and go outside during working hours.
Every gas station must have a panic button. According to the agreement, a police team will urgently arrive at the gas station if something happens. The contract costs little: on the highway - 1000 rubles. per month, in the city - 7,000 rubles. per month. If there is a store, then it should still have its own paramilitary security. Salaries of security guards can vary greatly - from 3,000 rubles. up to $3000
Opinion Now the market is gradually becoming saturated, and it is not so much the supply of gasoline that is coming to the fore, but the desire to provide the buyer with a quality product. Today this is the basis of competition. And high quality can only be achieved if the company has a vertically integrated structure. That is, everything: refineries, oil depots, and gas stations.
It may not be profitable to transport gasoline directly from refineries, because... it may be very far from the gas station. Then supply disruptions cannot be ruled out. You never know what will happen along the way, and the fuel truck will not arrive on time. At this time, gas at the gas station will run out. We'll have to contact the nearest oil depots. What you will get from them is not known in advance. Typically, companies deliver approximately 100 tons of fuel to the oil depot and place it in storage. And then, as needed, they take the same amount. As a rule, what they get back is not their own gasoline: either brought by another company, or completely mixed. After all, other enterprises can deposit gasoline of their production. And who will guarantee that their products are of the same good level as yours? As a result, the quality of the goods received may decline.
Until now, almost all major sellers are content with socialized gasoline. There is nowhere else to get another one. So gas station employees have to acquire so-called samples: small bottles that are sealed immediately after the gasoline is delivered to the gas station. Even the driver autographs them, saying that he delivered gasoline of normal quality under personal responsibility. This will be required in case of litigation, if you have to make claims against the oil depot.
So far, 90% of gasoline on the market is, alas, low-octane A-80. It is not suitable for a normal car. Therefore, with the help of special additives it is brought to the level of 92 or 95. However, this does not mean that gasoline becomes excellent. We must remember that quality attracts buyers. People are ready, if anything, to wait even a day and not refuel, just to get good fuel. Quality is the main thing now! Companies are making extraordinary decisions. For example, LUKOIL tints its gasoline so that car owners know: this fuel came directly from the proprietary LUKOIL oil depot, and a car filled with it will not suddenly stop.
Personnel
The main problem for gas stations is staffing. Especially if the station is located far from a large populated area. Qualified personnel are difficult to find. A gas station employee must, at a minimum, be proficient in using a personal computer. However, often people who offer themselves cannot even find “enter” on the keyboard.
According to the rules, each gas station employee must have a special certificate confirming his professional training. Therefore, it is necessary to either outbid specialists or teach them. However, a whole training system has been established. As part of oil inspection, there are mandatory courses. If you want to sell gasoline, send your employees there for training. The cost of the courses is about 2000 rubles. per person. Moreover, everyone must complete them: drivers, cashiers, and gas station attendants. The oil inspectorate then certifies the workers.
Control
The quality of gas station work is monitored by a number of inspection organizations. And you must always be prepared for this. For example, oil inspection representatives often visit gas stations completely unexpectedly.
However, in addition to them, there are other inspectors: the trade inspectorate, the tax service, firefighters. However, you shouldn’t be afraid of the latter. Compliance with fire safety rules is primarily beneficial to the owner of a gas station, because it is better to sit “on a powder keg” with insurance. As for the tax authorities, experience shows that it is not profitable to run away from taxes at gas stations. It is better to trade conscientiously and stay in this market longer, because the profit is already quite sufficient.
Sales norms
If we talk about the provinces, then usually a gas station sells an average of 3-5 cubic meters. m of gasoline per day. However, if you clearly care about the quality of your product, you can increase these indicators. Today, when there is no shortage of gasoline to speak of, it is quality that enters the battle for the buyer. Thus, the experience of the Smolensk branch of LUKOIL showed that it is possible to sell 10-15 cubic meters. m of gasoline per day and even higher. Average sales data for gasoline in Smolensk and the Smolensk region are presented in table. 1, 2. In general, the sales record belongs to the gas station located at 99 km of the Moscow-Minsk highway - 100 cubic meters. m per day.
Table 1. Average daily sales of fuel and lubricants at gas stations in Smolensk (44 gas stations)
Brand Volume, cubic meters m
Table 2. Average daily sales of fuels and lubricants at gas stations in the Smolensk region. (194 gas stations)
Brand Volume, cubic meters m
The turnover and profitability of gas stations largely depend on the location of the station. If you work on a franchising basis, then the choice of the company under whose flag the fuel is sold also plays a significant role. The quality of the roads on which the gas station is located is of great importance. A simple example. In 1998 After the crisis, the flow of transport decreased by 4-5 times. They started buying less gasoline. Only now the sales level has recovered. Now other criteria are important. The flow of traffic is affected by the road surface. People don't want to drive on bad roads, killing their car. And if there are potholes and potholes around the gas station, it means they won’t come there for gasoline. It is obvious that in the near future, gasoline competition in the domestic market will force entrepreneurs to take up roads.
There are other ways to attract clients. Increasingly, gas station owners are starting to build gas station complexes. There you can buy gasoline, wash and repair your car, and at the same time eat and even spend the night. The pioneers were British Petroleum gas stations. There are McDonald's restaurants next to some of their gas stations.
Now everyone wants to do this. LUKOIL has entered into contracts with Rostix, and the sale of fried chicken will be organized at its gas stations. YUKOS took the Kopeyka chain of stores as its partners.
Professional tricks
In this business there are some small, but quite expensive tricks. And the owner of a gas station must constantly remember this. Thus, it is known that gasoline greatly increases in volume at high temperatures. Employees of oil depots and gas stations often play on this, stealing goods. For example, a fuel truck driver on a summer day can stock up on canisters so that on the way he can drain the fuel that has increased in volume from a tank hot in the sun. When the tank is large, the volume of “extra” gasoline becomes substantial. As a result, your losses increase. Let's say 1 liter of 92 gasoline costs 10 rubles. The canister contains 20 liters. And there may be a dozen of these canisters! So at one point, 100 of your dollars disappeared into the driver’s pockets.
Gasoline receivers are also cunning: during acceptance, they forcefully “stick the measuring stick” into the gasoline storage container. This causes the liquid to splash and form a wave. This is where the amount of gasoline is measured. True, the volume is determined by the lower risk, in the place where the wave just left.
As a result, the drained liquid remains unaccounted for. Pennies, at first glance. But when we are talking about a capacity of 100 tons, then one division is equal to several thousand rubles. And this can happen day after day.
In order not to burn out on gasoline, you again need to take into account a number of subtleties related to the specifics of this substance. For example, it is known that gasoline evaporates quickly, especially in the summer. Moreover, the higher its octane number, the faster the evaporation process occurs. Therefore, if your gas station is located on the highway, you should not stock up on expensive 98-grade gasoline on a hot day. Limousines rarely drive there, and waiting for all the gasoline to evaporate is, to say the least, stupid. Every day the losses are estimated at thousands of rubles.
Of course, in this business, as in many others, there is always a rate of attrition. It is included in the tonnage when purchasing flammable substances. This rate is not high, about the same as in the alcoholic beverage industry - 0.01%. But with large volumes, the loss can result in a very significant figure. So it's best to always try to cut your losses.