Breeding carp in a pond as a business. Breeding carp in ponds and pools

And growing carp means stocking fish with yearlings of carp in the spring and catching them. At this point the marketable mass has been reached. If you do not have the opportunity to purchase yearlings, then stock the pond with fry. But this is much more complicated, since separate categories of ponds will be required for breeding, growing and wintering.

The optimal temperature for breeding is 20-28 degrees, while the water should be stagnant with a moderate amount of vegetation. The oxygen content in water should be 5-7 mg/l in summer, and not lower than 4 mg/l in winter. With these and good feeding, the fish will gain 5-7 grams daily. If the water temperature is less than 14 degrees, the carp begins to consume less food and loses weight.

Carp feed on almost everything. If you do not have special food available, then you can replace it with pork or chicken. This food must be pre-kneaded and added to the water in the form of a dough. Legumes and cereals are also suitable for feeding carp; they must be introduced in a swollen state. It is recommended to feed the fish twice a day in a certain place designated specifically for feeding. The carp will remember the time and place of feeding, the food will not have time to sour. Many owners of carp fishermen even ring a bell, so the fish will better go to the feeding area.

The natural food for carp are worms, small crustaceans and insect larvae. Maintain a constant water level, the desired depth is one meter. The most common carp breeds for breeding are: mirror, scaly, naked, linear, Ukrainian and framed.

Obtaining larvae. To obtain carp larvae, both natural fish spawning and an artificial method, also called factory spawning, are used.
Natural spawning is carried out in spawning ponds when the water warms up to a temperature of 16-18°C. One nest of breeders (1 female and 2 males) is planted in one spawning pond with an area of ​​0.05 hectares. Usually this is done in the evening.
Healthy, uninjured hatchlings are selected for spawning. Assessment and selection of producers (grading) is carried out in early spring when fishing winter-breeding ponds. The females are divided into three. and males into two classes. The first class includes females with a good exterior, aged 7-9 years, with a rounded abdomen, weighing at least 6 kg, with a large swollen reddish genital opening. Males have a genital opening in the form of a narrow slit, a hard abdomen, and a nuptial plumage on the gill covers and head—a rash that is rough to the touch. Class I males have a good exterior, are 5-7 years old, and when you press on the abdomen, thick sperm with the consistency of cream appears.
To carry out successful spawning, the ponds are prepared: dead last year’s vegetation is removed, lime is added at the rate of 200-300 kg/ha, plowed, harrowed and sown with grass (foxtail, bluegrass, etc.). on which the females then lay their eggs. The ponds are filled 1-2 days before the breeders are planted there and always through filters made of mill gas to avoid the entry of carp larvae into enemies.
Spawning usually occurs the morning after the spawners are planted and lasts 3-5 hours. The sticky eggs are immediately fertilized by the males and adhere to the plants. After spawning, the spawners are caught with a seine and placed in summer brood ponds.
The embryonic period of carp usually lasts 3-5 days. The hatched prelarvae are inactive and feed from the unresolved yolk sac. After 2-3 days they switch to external nutrition. 3-5 days after the transition to active feeding, the larvae are caught with gauze nets and drag nets and transplanted either into fry ponds for rearing or directly into nursery ponds. With proper organization of spawning, the yield of larvae from one nest of producers is 100 thousand or more.
The factory method of obtaining larvae has a number of advantages.
1. It is practically independent of weather conditions and, thanks to heating the water, allows you to obtain larvae at an earlier date.
2. Due to the lack of contact between parents and offspring, it is possible to obtain healthy larvae even from sick breeders.
3. The factory method requires fewer producers due to a higher yield of larvae, as well as a reduction in the number of males, which during artificial reproduction require 2 times less than females.
4. No construction of spawning ponds is required. Instead, an incubation workshop is being built, occupying a much smaller area.
The stages of the factory method for obtaining larvae are as follows:
1. Preparation of producers.
2. Stimulation of producers using pituitary injections.
3. Taking sexual products.
4. Fertilization of eggs.
5. De-sticking of caviar.
6. Incubation.
7. Hatching of prelarvae.
Maintenance of prelarvae. Selected producers will be placed in special pools. During the day, the water temperature is brought to 18-20°C and maintained for 4-5 days, after which pituitary injections are performed. The injection time is calculated so that the caviar is collected in the morning. Typically, fractional injections are carried out at intervals of about 12 hours. The first (preliminary) injection is carried out at the rate of 0.3-0.5 mg of pituitary gland per 1 kg of female body weight. The second (permissive) - 2.5-3.5 mg/kg. Males are injected only once, during the permissive injection into females, at the rate of 0.5-1.0 mg/kg body weight. Depending on the water temperature, the ripening time for spawners after the permissive injection is as follows: at 20-22°C - 14-18 hours, at 19-20°C - 18-20 hours, at 17-18°C - 20-24 hours.
Milk is expressed from males 0.5-1 hour before the planned time of caviar collection. To do this, the males are thoroughly wiped and the milk is expressed lightly on the abdomen into a clean, dry bottle. The milk of only one male is placed in one bottle. The bottles with sperm are stored in the refrigerator. Within 24 hours she is capable of fertilization. Caviar from females is obtained in a similar way. For females, the abdomen is wiped, the caudal stem and head are wrapped in a cloth napkin, and the eggs are expressed into clean, dry enamel or plastic basins or bowls.
After weighing, the eggs are fertilized with milt. For 1 kg of caviar, 3-5 ml of sperm from 3-4 males is used. After pouring the milk, the caviar is thoroughly mixed with a bird feather. After 10-20 seconds, add water. Water activates sperm and fertilization occurs within 30-60 seconds after adding water. All this time, the caviar is thoroughly mixed with a feather. After one minute, add the de-sticking solution. It is best to use a de-sticking solution consisting of 1 liter of milk per 8-10 liters of water. You can destick it manually with feathers or in an incubator using compressed air for 30-50 minutes.
De-glued carp eggs are placed in Weiss incubation apparatus with a volume of 7 liters or VNIIPRKh with a volume of 100-200 liters. Water is supplied from below and drained from above through mill gas. The caviar is always in a suspended state. About 500-600 thousand pieces (0.8 kg) of caviar are loaded into Weiss apparatuses, VNIIPRH - 1.5 million (2 kg).
Incubation of eggs lasts 2.5-3 days at 22°C, 3.5-4 at 20-21°C, 4.5-5 at 18-19°C and 6-7 days at 17°C. All this time, care is taken to ensure that the water supply to the devices is at the required intensity. Dead eggs, distinguished by their white color, are collected using siphons.
Hatching of the larvae usually proceeds smoothly and ends in 30-60 minutes, if at the beginning the water flow is reduced for a few minutes.
The hatched pre-larvae are transferred to special cages made from mill gas or kept in VNIIPRH apparatus. It is impossible to keep prelarvae in Weiss devices, since in a small volume they form clots and die. The hatched prelarvae are kept for 2-4 days until the yolk sac is completely reabsorbed and they switch to active feeding. After this, they are called larvae and placed either in fry ponds for rearing, or directly in nursery ponds.
Raising larvae. The larvae are raised in fry ponds with an area of ​​0.5-1.0 hectares, sometimes in spawning ponds with an area of ​​0.05-0.1 hectares. Ponds are filled with water only through mill gas 3-5 days before planting the larvae. There must be a sufficient amount of zooplankton in the ponds before the larvae are planted there. To do this, 5-10 days before pouring, manure is added to them at the rate of 5-10 t/ha. Fry ponds must have a carefully planned bottom so that all fry, when caught, can easily roll along with the water into the fish catcher. The duration of growing fry depends on the water temperature. At 20°C this is usually 28-30 days, at 25°C - 14-16 days. During this time, the larvae turn into fry, i.e. small fish that differ from adults only in size. The weight of fry is usually 0.5-1 g.
The density of planting of larvae in fry ponds ranges from 1 million per 1 hectare in the northern regions to 5 million in the south.
Fishing of fry ponds is carried out in fish traps. Use the volumetric method of counting fry using a measuring cup. Count the fry in one cup, and then the number of cups.
The yield of fry from the number of larvae planted for rearing is at least 50% if technological standards are observed.
Raising fingerlings. Conducted in nursery ponds. The success of rearing depends on the quality of the fry (their vitality, weight, etc.), on the quality of preparation of the nursery ponds, and also on the adopted rearing technology.
Preparation of nursery ponds begins in the fall, immediately after the end of fishing. Ponds are limed with quicklime at a rate of 200-500 kg/ha. In winter, manure from 1 to 5 tons per 1 hectare is applied to the pond bed.
The ponds begin to be filled with water through a mill gas filter 5-7 days before the larvae or fry are planted there. You can start stocking nursery ponds when the water depth in the ponds reaches 30-40 cm. After this, the ponds are filled to the standard depth.
The density of stocking of fry in nursery ponds is 50-65 thousand specimens. for 1 hectare. The yield of fingerlings in autumn is at least 65%.
Throughout the season, until the water temperature drops below 15°C. fingerlings are fed with granulated compound feed. Periodically, if required, organic and mineral fertilizers are applied by water. This will be discussed in more detail in the next chapter. Every two weeks, control catches are carried out in the ponds to monitor the growth process of the fingerlings. The standard weight of fingerlings in autumn should be at least 25-39 g/individual.
Fishing of nursery ponds is usually carried out in October. First, the main volume of water is discharged through the fish barrier grid, then it is removed and the remaining water along with the fish is transferred through the bottom drainage into the fish catcher. Fingerlings are counted using the volume-weight method, counting their number in every tenth bucket and the number of buckets. From the fish catcher of the nursery ponds, the fingerlings are transported to the wintering ponds.
Wintering of fingerlings. Wintering of fingerlings is carried out in wintering ponds, which differ from others in their greater depth (up to 2.5 m) and the presence of flow. Complete water exchange in them should be carried out within 15-20 days. The success of wintering, which lasts 5-6 months in central Russia, depends on the quality of the fingerlings: their weight, fatness, and physiological state. The standard weight of fingerlings should be at least 25-30 g/individual. The larger the fingerlings, the better they overwinter. The body fat content of fish must be at least 4%. Fish must be healthy.
The high yield of yearlings (overwintered fingerlings) from wintering also depends on the quality of pond preparation. In summer, wintering ponds are without water. Their bottom is plowed for better mineralization of organic matter, which should be as small as possible in wintering ponds. When it oxidizes, oxygen is consumed, which is necessary for fish to breathe. Before pouring water, the pond beds are rolled and limed at the rate of 2-3 t/ha. Wintering ponds should be completely filled 2 weeks before the fingerlings are planted. The planting density of fingerlings is 500-750 thousand individuals/ha. The standard yield of yearlings in the spring is 70-85%.
Throughout the winter, the water temperature and the concentration of oxygen dissolved in the water are measured daily. The optimal water temperature is 1-2°C, the oxygen content is not lower than 4 mg/l. A full hydrochemical analysis of pond water is carried out at least once a month.
To monitor the progress of wintering, inspection holes are cut. To make them freeze less, they are covered with wooden shields and straw mats. Every day, the shields are removed and the ice holes are cleared of ice. If you can't see the fish moving, then everything is fine. If the underyearlings rise to the surface, this may mean either a lack of oxygen, or the presence of unwanted gases (hydrogen sulfide, methane, etc.) or the occurrence of some kind of disease. In this case, you should find out the cause of the fish's anxiety and take measures to eliminate it.
Growing commercial fish. Currently, in Russia, a two- and three-year turnover is accepted for growing marketable fish. This means that we get marketable fish in the second or third year. With a three-year turnover, the farm has another category of ponds - 11th order nursery ponds. In this case, in the first year, fingerlings are grown as with a two-year rotation, at a density of about 60 thousand individuals/ha. And on the second - at an increased rate - 10 thousand ind./ha, obtaining two-year-olds weighing 150-180 g/ind. In the third year, they are grown in feeding ponds at a density of 2.5-3.0 thousand individuals/ha to a marketable weight of at least 700 g. A three-year turnover has its pros and cons. The second includes the need to use additional areas for nursery ponds of the 11th order and wintering ponds for two-year-olds. Additional wintering leads to higher fish losses and increases the cost. The advantage is that large fish are in high demand on the market and can be sold at a higher price.
With a two-year rotation, yearlings are planted in feeding ponds after they are flooded in the spring. Planting density is 3-4 thousand specimens/ha. You can plant fingerlings in the fall after fishing the feeding ponds and filling them. In this case, the winter fasting period of the fingerlings is reduced, since they feed in late autumn and early spring. However, control over wintering is weakening.
Feeding ponds are usually filled in the spring during floods. Fish catchers - mesh boxes - are installed at water outlets to prevent the entry of predatory and trash fish. Fish catchers clear debris and select fish from there several times per tribute.
Before filling, ponds are limed at a rate of 1-5 t/ha. Two-year-olds in ponds are fed with compound feed. Sometimes organic and mineral fertilizers, quicklime or slaked lime are added.
The yield of two-year-olds from feeding ponds in autumn is 80-85% of the number of planted yearlings.
Commercial two-year-olds are caught in the same way as fingerlings - through fish traps, only their sizes are much larger. The size of the fish catcher is calculated in such a way that all the fish can fit into it with a fish to water ratio of 1:4. Thus, the volume of the fish catcher should be five times the volume of fish caught.
In fish catchers, fish are concentrated using seines or movable grids, loaded with nets into a mesh container with an opening bottom or into a capper - a mesh opening bag, lifted by crane, weighed and transferred into a live fish container.
Maintenance of replacement and breeding stock. Producers are usually used on farms for 4 years. Every year, 25% of producers are rejected and replaced with overgrown repairs. Females mature at the age of 5-6 years, males a year earlier. According to existing standards, for one rejected nest of breeders it is necessary to have 8 five-, four- and three-year-olds, as well as 90 repair two-year-olds.
Replacement and breeding stock are kept in summer-repair and summer-breeding ponds in the summer, and in winter - in winter-repair and winter-breeding ponds. The density of planting of producers and repairs in wintering ponds is 10 t/ha. In summer they are kept in sparse planting, with 100-200 heads/ha of producers. four-year-olds - 150-200 heads/ha, three-year-olds - 300-400 heads/ha, two-year-olds - 450-600 heads/ha. At the same time, producers must have a weight of at least 5 kg, five-year-olds - 3.2-4.7 kg, four-year-olds - 2.3-3.8 kg, three-year-olds - 1.4-2.6 kg, two-year-olds - 0.6- 1.3 kg depending on climate zone.
Producers and repairs in summer ponds are fed. Fishing of ponds is carried out using tarpaulin sleeves to avoid injury to the fish. Water from the ponds is discharged, the fish are concentrated in front of the bottom drainage, and then one or more fish are transferred into a transport container using hoses.
Transportation of fish. There are on-farm and inter-farm transportation of fish. During on-farm transportation, fish are moved within a fish farm from one pond to another, for example, from wintering ponds to feeding ponds, from feeding ponds to cage ponds, etc. Interfarm transportation is carried out when transporting planting material from fish hatcheries to commercial farms, breeding and replacement stock to full-system farms and fish hatcheries, and in other cases. An important difference between these transportations is that inter-farm transportation always requires permission from the veterinary service. The seller is responsible for this.
Larvae are most often transported within the farm in standard milk cans with a capacity of about 40 liters. In one such can, up to 200 thousand ungrown carp larvae and up to 100 thousand herbivorous fish can be transported within two hours. Grown larvae - up to 16 and up to 8 thousand copies, respectively.
For the same purposes, you can use bags made of polyethylene sleeves with a width of 40 to 80 cm. Usually, to increase the strength of the bag, it is made with double walls. 40 liters of water are poured into such a bag about 1 m high, the larvae are placed, the edges of the bag are collected with an accordion, wrapped with electrical tape and clamped with a special clamp. The planting densities of larvae and the transportation time in bags are the same as in cans.
For longer distances, larvae are transported in plastic bags with oxygen. To do this, pour 15-20 liters of water into a bag, place the larvae there, insert a piece of rubber hose with a diameter of 7-8 mm and a length of 5-7 cm, compress the bag so that the air comes out, and fill it with oxygen from a cylinder through a rubber tube. Then the clamp is twisted like this. so that oxygen does not escape, and the container is ready for transportation. Usually packages are placed in cardboard boxes of 2 pieces. in each. When traveling for up to 24 hours, up to 100 thousand ungrown carp larvae or up to 50 thousand herbivorous fish can be transported in oxygen bags. Fry - up to 15 thousand and up to 10 thousand, respectively.
To transport fingerlings, yearlings, two- and three-year-olds, canvas vats, milk flasks, plastic bags, metal containers, water carriers, milk tankers, as well as specialized live fish transport: cars, wagons and barges are used. The success of transportation depends on many factors. The main ones are stocking density, water temperature and dissolved oxygen content in it, and the physiological state of the fish before transportation. The optimal water temperature for heat-loving fish during transportation in summer is considered to be 10-12°C, and in spring and autumn - 5-6°C. For cold-loving people - 6-8°C and 3-5°C, respectively. The ratio of water and fish in containers depends on the duration of transportation and should be at least 3-5:1 for transportation time up to 2 hours, 4-6:1 - up to 4 hours, 5-7:1 - up to 6 hours, 6-8 :1 - up to 8 hours, 7-10:1 - up to 10 hours, 12-15:1 - up to 20 hours and 15-20:1 - up to 24 hours, respectively, for two-three year olds and fingerlings of carp.

The agricultural industry provides an opportunity to build a business not only in fur farming and poultry farming. Breeding carp at home can be a good start for organizing your own fish farm. If things work out on a small scale, you can think about expanding the business to production scale.

• Why is carp attractive for home fish farming?
• Carp breeding technology
• How much can you earn from carp breeding?
• Step-by-step plan for starting a business
• How much money do you need to start a business?
• How to choose equipment
• Which OKVED code must be specified for breeding carp at home?
• What documents are needed to open
• Which tax system to choose for breeding carp at home
• Do I need permission to open?

Carp is a fish that has tasty and healthy meat. It contains vitamins and microelements beneficial to the human body. Fishing has an equally positive impact on people. It can be organized on a personal pond as an additional line of business. Breeding carp at home for fishing is no less profitable and exciting.

Why is carp attractive for home fish farming?

To explain why this particular fish was chosen, here are a few positive features of its habitat in ponds:

1. Carp is an unpretentious fish that can survive in unfavorable conditions. If the winters are harsh, then it simply goes into hibernation, which slows down all processes in the body. Carp survive the cold at the bottom of the reservoir, hiding in a layer of silt. When preparing a pit at home for stocking fish, it is necessary to place it partly in the sun and partly in the shade. When the air temperature rises above +30 degrees in summer, the fish will have somewhere to hide. The depth of the reservoir may not exceed 1.5 meters, although the deeper it is, the more comfortable it is for any fish. The recommended length and width are 3x3 meters. Growing carp is impossible without partially replacing the water in the pond.
2. Compared to other fish species, carp grows quickly. In just two years you can get a herd that is completely marketable. The weight of fish ready for sale is usually 1.5-2 kg, which is considered quite large specimens. There have been cases when growing carp was successful with 25 kg of live weight! But this is the exception rather than the rule.
3. Carp are ready to breed between approximately three and five years of age. For each individual, this period may begin at a different time. Spawning lasts about 30 days. The number of eggs a female reproduces depends on her age. The warmer the water in the pond, the shorter the incubation period.
4. Under natural conditions, carp are not picky eaters. It eats river mollusks, larvae and even plant seeds. Growing carp for sale or for fishing at home requires complementary feeding. It is advisable to give food to the fish in one place. This will then make them easier to catch.

You can train on adult specimens caught in the nearest body of water. Having learned to feed them correctly, it will be easier to cope with the fry later.

Carp breeding technology

For large-scale production, carp are grown in an artificial pond. Fish farming is a sector of the country’s national economy where there are still shortcomings associated with the relevant legislative framework. This is why it is sometimes difficult for beginning entrepreneurs to break into business. And knowledge, skills and experience must be gained before the farmer receives his first tangible profit.

To breed carp, ponds are built up to 2 meters deep and with an area of ​​at least 60 sq.m. The fish is not picky about water quality, but loves warm waters. Experts distinguish between carp farming in several ways:

• Extensive;
• Semi intense;
• Intensive.

The main difference between these three technologies is the composition of the feed. In the first case, young animals are given only natural food; in the second, proteins and carbohydrates are added. These methods are most suitable for fish farming at home. The third method involves using only complex, protein-rich feed.

Let’s take a closer look at how to intensively breed carp in a pond. The fish are planted tightly in the reservoir, so it is important to saturate the water with oxygen. This is usually done by ensuring that some of it flows through the pond. Experienced farmers on their farms practice growing up to 20 tons of carp from one hectare of artificial water structures. This is a fairly good result, which is achieved by saving production space.

High population density also has a disadvantage. The possibility of disease infection in densely populated water bodies increases. The water in the pond quickly becomes clogged, which means it requires a good cleaning system. A type of intensive carp breeding is the cage method. It allows you to significantly save space and promotes rapid growth of fish. However, due to the fact that she does not have access to natural feed in the reservoir, the consumption of artificial feed mixtures increases. Experts note this as a drawback that increases production costs.

How much can you earn from carp breeding?

Production costs consist of the cost of fry and the purchase of feed. Feed consumption is calculated based on the fact that one individual needs food per day equal to 5% of its weight. Thus, the amount of feed will need to be increased monthly. 25 one-year-old carp will eat about 300 kg of grain per day, which will cost 1,500 rubles. Then monthly costs can reach 4,000 rubles.

Fry cost about 450 rubles per 100 pieces. The average market price of carp on the market is 100 rubles per 1 kg. An average carp will cost 200-300 rubles. If we assume that at least 20 pieces will be sold per day (which is quite realistic), then the income from the sale of fish per day will be 6,000 rubles. Even with the most approximate calculations, it is clear that breeding this type of fish at home and in ponds is quite cost-effective.

The basis of this type of business is the presence of a natural (or artificial) body of water - a pond, a lake. There are two ways: 1) rent an existing pond 2) create your own. Let's look at both of these options and compare the pros and cons.

Rent of natural reservoirs

All natural reservoirs are federal property. They are managed by the authority responsible for this - each region has its own, but in most cases it is the regional Ministry of Natural Resources.

It is legally impossible to obtain ownership of a natural reservoir, but it can be rented for a certain period. Since there are many people who want to earn income from lakes and ponds, the department periodically holds tenders. Participants in such competitions, having offered the best (higher) price, can rent a pond or lake for a period of up to 20 years - this is the deadline for providing water bodies for use on the basis of a water use agreement.

Such competitions are held in each region; most can be found on the government procurement and bidding website. The unified information system in the field of procurement can be found at www.zakupki.gov.ru. However, if you want to participate in bidding, you will need to connect to large specialized resources, subscription to which is paid and costs on average from 30,000 to 100,000 rubles per year.

If you don’t have that kind of money and you plan to work in a certain area, then you can independently monitor publications in the media, because the regional environmental management authority is obliged to inform the population about the planned auctions. Otherwise, such violations are dealt with by the prosecutor's office.

Fish farming is a type of water use without abstraction (withdrawal) of water resources. Along with inland fisheries, this type of water use includes the following types of activities:

• hydropower;
• water transport and recreation;
• aquatic and semi-aquatic ecosystems;
• healthcare;
• floodplain meadow farming.

The procedure and purposes for providing facilities for use are determined by the Water Code of the Russian Federation. When using a water resource, you must strictly comply with the requirements of this regulation, otherwise you will face a rather large fine.

The main requirements of the Water Code for businessmen renting natural ponds and lakes include prohibitions:

• on negative impact on the environment;
• ban on changing the water regime, etc.;

The water use agreement concluded based on the results of the tender must contain the following data:

1. graphic materials and an explanatory note to them;
2. information about the water body;
3. goals and conditions for using the reservoir;
4. duration of the contract, amount of rent, etc.

Artificial fish pond

If you decide to make a pond on a plot of land that belongs to you by right of ownership, then the pond automatically also becomes your property. To create a pond for carp breeding, a quiet and open place is selected, preferably with trees on one side. The depth of the reservoir should be from 2 meters, with an area of ​​9 sq.m.

When choosing a location for a future pond, give preference to areas with natural depressions and a flat bottom with natural vegetation on the banks. The future pond must be supplied with clean water from a stream or well. If water enters the pond from a large river, then a barrier from predators is placed at the entrance, and the drain is also equipped with a grate.

Growing carp in a pond as a business

Carp farming is a popular way to earn money. Carp is unpretentious in maintenance, grows quickly (in 2 years it gains 2 kg of live weight).

This fish is easy to sell, everyone knows and loves it.

The most commonly bred breeds are:

• scaly and mirror carp;
• linear;
• naked carp

A big plus is that carp can be cultivated together with other species (pike, tench, catfish, pike perch). When growing carp, extensive and intensive breeding systems are often used. In the first case, the fish are fed with natural food, in the second - complex food. Extensive system characterized by low production costs and a slight increase in individuals.

At intensive system fish are grown in cages using complex feed with a high protein content (compound feed). It is characterized by high productivity (5-20 tons per hectare) and high planting density. The disadvantage of such a system is the high risk of spreading diseases.

Living conditions of carp

Features of the content. The lifespan of this freshwater fish is about 20 years, and it begins to reproduce at the age of 2. It grows quite quickly, especially in small, well-warmed bodies of water. The optimal temperature in the pond for carp breeding is +24 - +26°C. If the temperature is above +30°C or significantly below the optimal temperature, the fish begins to die. In winter, it is necessary to make ice holes in the pond to provide sufficient oxygen. If carp begin to gather near the ice hole in winter, this is a sign that the living conditions of the fish are deteriorating.

Food. Carp is an omnivorous fish; it feeds on larvae, worms, grain and mixed feed. You need to feed the fish morning and evening in one place. Thanks to this, you can control the living conditions and growth of individuals and carry out catching.

The feeding area must be prepared - you can use several tables with sides in different places for this purpose, which can be easily removed from the water if necessary.

Pond care. It is necessary to clean the pond or lake in a timely manner, remove animals, birds, frogs and insects.

Carp diseases. One of the most common diseases to which individuals are susceptible is carp pox. It does not pose a danger to humans, but can significantly reduce the fish population. To reduce risks, the banks and the reservoir itself are watered with diluted lime in the fall.

Gill necrosis is an infectious disease, most often caused by a violation of the hydrochemical regime. Often leads to massive fish kills.

Saprolegniosis is the second most common disease of freshwater fish. Preventive measures involve the use of formaldehyde, malachite green, violet “K”, etc.

Introducing fish into a natural body of water and catching them

The full cycle of growing carp is a complex matter, so most businessmen buy fry from a fish farm and release them into a pond or lake. It is best to buy carp at the age of 1 year and in the spring to place them in a heated reservoir, and in the fall to catch all the fish (provided that the carp farm is annual). If the farm is long-term, then medium-sized carps are caught after spawning, and old individuals are left for breeding. The annual weight gain of carp is about 1000 grams.

Spawning occurs in summer in shallow places. The eggs take 4-5 days to mature, and the fry begin to eat almost immediately after hatching.

Paid eco ponds with hotel business

This is a very popular business direction, which involves providing clients with fishing and related services, in particular, hotel houses, for a fee. This business will generate good, almost passive income, provided that the reservoir is popular among local residents and guests. Therefore, for rent you should choose those lakes and ponds that have been visited by a large number of amateur and professional fishermen for a long time. By entering into a water use agreement with the regional government, you simply begin charging fees on a previously free body of water.

The cost of paid fishing at your place should not differ greatly from similar offers on the market in order for your business to be competitive. On average, fishermen pay 250-600 rubles for using the pond, taking all the catch they catch with them.

Houses and gazebos for recreation are additional income for the owner of a paid pond.

You, as the owner of the pond, replant fry, feed and raise healthy fish, keep the area clean, and arrange the pond. As related services, visitors to the paid pond can be offered holiday houses, barbecues, tents, boats, catamarans. Hotel houses, as a rule, are made of frame panels - firstly, the construction of permanent structures is prohibited by federal laws and regulations that determine the way of using recreational areas, and, secondly, it is cheap and fast.

A person's diet must include a product such as fish. You can buy it in any store or market, but you can also grow it yourself: Of all freshwater fish species, the most profitable for breeding is a relative of the wild river carp - carp. This article will discuss exactly how to breed this fish in a garden plot in small ponds or pools.

Advantages and disadvantages of carp farming

Growing carp yourself has both its advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages:

• Fast growth– unlike other representatives of its family, this cultivated species grows very quickly, reaching a weight of 400-500 grams by the end of the first year. At the end of the second year, the fish can reach a marketable weight of 1 kg.
• Unpretentiousness– carp is not as picky about the oxygen content in water as most river freshwater fish.
• High quality meat– this fish is soft, tasty and has a relatively small number of small bones.

Carp grows fast

Flaws:

• Frequent incidence fish when the container is very densely populated
• Initial costs for the purchase of fry and the construction of a pool are quite high

Home breeding technology

Purchase of fry

You should only purchase fry in specialized fish farms having a good reputation and working for quite a long time.

You should not purchase fish seeding material from untested and unreliable suppliers - private individuals involved in carp breeding and reproduction, or recently established fish farms.

It is better to transport purchased fry in spacious buckets or fishing canals. It is better to take water from a pond or lake, as a last resort - rain.

Catering - what and how to feed

If carps receive a balanced and nutritious diet, then in 9 months it is quite possible to grow a half-kilogram fish

You should feed neglected carp twice a day:

• Early in the morning– when the sun has risen and warmed the water sufficiently
• In the evening, before sunset

It is better to use as food:

• Finely chopped rainwater worms
• Stern bloodworm
• Larva caddisfly (shitika)
• Steamed cereals– oats, wheat, barley
• Bread rye

In order for all kinds of bottom microorganisms and small crustaceans that the carp feed on to be present in the pool, it is necessary to periodically add water from a nearby pond or lake. You should also periodically feed the fish with special feed.

In order to periodically catch the largest specimens The fish should be fed in the same place, making a small tray in it into which food will be poured

The food should be poured in small portions so that it is completely eaten by the fish and does not fall to the bottom of the container, rotting there over time and causing a deterioration in water quality.

Launching fish into the pool

The purchased fry should be released either in spring or autumn.

Spring stocking is preferable - the fish have time to gain weight and adapt to living conditions before wintering

It is necessary to launch fry in the spring when the water warmed up to a temperature of 22-25 0C.

Conditions of keeping and growing

Swimming pool, location and dimensions

You can either buy a ready-made plastic pool or fill it yourself.

Pools for fish breeding made of polypropylene

The most convenient for growing carp in a personal plot or country house is a round container made of plastic or polypropylene with a diameter of 2 to 3 meters and a depth of at least 1.2-1.5 meters.

It is better to position the container in such a way that part of it is illuminated by the sun most of the day in summer, and the other is in the shade. This arrangement will help avoid overheating of the water and will allow the fish to take cover in the cool shade in the heat.

Pools can also be located in frame greenhouses or garages.

Water quality

The water in the pool must be renewed. To do this, the following system is installed:

• Filter with pump drawing water from a nearby stream or small river
• Main line made of polyethylene pipe connected to the pump and supplying water to the container
• Drain line from a polyethylene pipe with a larger diameter than the supply pipe. Place the drain line at the bottom of the container and lead it into a stream or river, installing a tap or plug at the end

The water in the pool is regularly updated

If there is no river or stream nearby, then it is necessary to use water from a well, pumped into the pool by a submersible pump with a filter. In this case, the water should be drained through a filter into the sewer.

Tap water rich in chlorine and mineral impurities should not be used for breeding specks.

Temperature

Pool water during the period of fish growth and development should warm up to a temperature of at least 22-25 0C, but not more than 30 0С.

This temperature background is achieved by placing the container in a sunny place and periodically replacing (draining) part of the water.

Although carp is unpretentious to the content of dissolved oxygen in water, it a deficiency can lead to slower growth or complete death of the entire livestock.

Water aeration

To increase the oxygen content, special aerators or low-power compressors should be used.

Reproduction

Reproduction of carp is a rather painstaking process. To do this, when catching 2-3 year old fish in the fall, it is necessary to leave several large individuals of different sexes in a container so that they spawn in the spring:

• In order for carp to reproduce it is necessary make two separate ponds for spawning and rearing. The spawning tank should be 3x3 meters in size with a depth of no more than 0.5 meters. The nursery pond should be slightly larger in area and depth. Its optimal size is a square with a side length of 4 meters and a depth of up to 1.5 meters.
• In ponds it is necessary provide a fresh water supply system from a river or stream, well, as well as its drainage
• In early spring when the water warms up to 18-20 0C, it is necessary to first transplant 1-2 males into the spawning pond during the day, and 1 female in the evening

Carp spawning begins when the wheat blooms

• In order for the females to have something to lay eggs in the pond in advance, they should plant with reeds or cattails, or place freshly cut meadow turf at the bottom
• After fertilized larvae hatch, large carp must be returned back to the pool
• After 6-8 days the spawning pond should be drained, and the larvae should be caught with a fine-mesh net and transplanted into the nursery pond
• In the nursery pond larvae should be fed with small bloodworms, special feed, powdered milk
• Before winter, the nursery pond must be drained, and grown fry weighing 15-20 grams. transplant into a pool or large home aquarium

What to do in winter with carp in a pond

• In winter, in a sunken or solid concrete pool carp can survive the winter provided ensuring that the container does not freeze to the bottom and sufficient oxygen will enter it
• In order for the container not to freeze after an ice cover strong enough for walking has formed on it, it must be cover with a large layer of snow, in the absence of such - insulation mats and film, providing places for drilling holes
• In order for oxygen to enter the pool in its ice cover using a fishing ice auger several holes need to be made and make sure they don't freeze

Reeds will prevent thick ice from freezing and provide oxygen to the fish.

• If the container is located indoors or in a greenhouse, then in winter, carp feeding should be reduced, produce additional feed depending on the activity of the fish

Business payback for beginners

Breeding carp is not only an opportunity to always have fresh fish grown by yourself, but also quite a profitable business. Let's try to calculate its approximate profitability

Expenses

• Pool made of polypropylene with a volume of 2.7 m3 – 26,000 rubles.
• Malek–3000 rub. (500 pieces) for the entire capacity

Carp fry

• Feed– purchased feed with consumption of 1 bag per month and the duration of feeding minus autumn and winter from May to September (5 months) the cost of its purchase with the cost of one bag weighing 40 kg is 640 rubles. for two years will amount to 6,400 rubles.

The total amount of all expenses is 35,400 rubles.

Profit

• Taking into account the population density of a tank of a given size with at least 200 one-year-old fry per 1 m3 and the percentage of their death in the first year with normal feeding, no more than 5% in the second year in the pool you can grow about 500 carp weighing about 1 kg - 500 kg fish
• Carp of commercial weight of 1 kg has an average cost of about 130 rubles - the sale of all farmed fish will bring 65,000 rubles.

Carp are usually caught in the fall

• Minus all expenses equal to 35,400 rubles. profit is 29,600 rubles., and the estimated profitability of growing carp at home is:

Profitability = (Profit/Expenses)×100 = (29,600/35,400)×100 = 83.6%

Growing carp in a personal plot can be not only a good hobby, but also a fairly profitable business even for a novice fish farmer.

How to breed carp? Today this interesting question will become a new article on our website.

We decided to understand all the ins and outs of breeding and keeping this fish both at home and in the pond.

The situation on the fish sales market is such that it is worth seriously thinking about organizing this business at home and with competent and timely actions business idea for breeding carp at home can become very successful.

We tried to put together all the pros and cons of breeding. I hope the information presented below will be useful to you and answer all your questions.

Carp farming business

Carp is a very tenacious and inherently unpretentious fish. Below you will see that breeding carp even in the countryside is not a difficult task, which can be accomplished in just a few days.

In addition, the demands of this fish not only amaze with its minimal content, but also force you to simply become a fan of cyprinids.

So why did many people attack the issue of carp breeding with such tenacity?... Let me outline the main points.

The meaning of carp breeding or who needs it

As I said above, the market situation is such that it encourages you to grow fish even at your dacha. So why does this happen?

Here are the main reasons for carp farming:

• The request is not great. This fish became the object of our attention for a reason. The fact is that, compared even with breeding unpretentious aquarium fish, our hero has a truly tenacious character. I will tell you about the care and maintenance of carp below.
• Carp price. Unfortunately, the situation is such that a kilogram of carp today can reach 200-400 rubles, and this figure is only increasing every year. Therefore, there are more and more people who want to start breeding carp in a pond every day.

As I hope you have noticed, this business has a number of advantages that put this business at a decent level in terms of prospects for development and increasing the volume of profits received.

Therefore, let's talk about the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bgrowing carp at home in more detail.

How to organize a carp breeding business

Before you start carp breeding, you need to make at least rough calculations in your business plan.

In order to breed carp, you need to take into account a number of features without which your fish will not be able to coexist:

Water temperature for carp breeding

Carp, although considered an unpretentious fish, still requires a certain range of water temperatures for normal existence.

For this type of fish, the critical temperature will be +30 C. The fact is that such a temperature reduces the percentage of oxygen in the water and this can cause your pets to suffocate.

Unfortunately, when breeding carp in a pond, the death of one fish can lead to the death of the rest due to the rotting of the first.

Actually, because of the temperature, carp for the most part live the lion's share of their lives at depth, in mud pits and look for food there.

There were cases when a carp accidentally fell into a puddle and calmly coexisted in it until the water completely dried out.

This fish can live in extremely extreme conditions, even in the presence of wet soil, as in the case of a puddle.

Features of carp feeding

On the question of how to breed carp, we would like to tell you first of all about feeding this fish.

If you breed carp at home, then do not forget about one important thing. You must provide complementary feeding in one place.

This method was taken from fishermen and allows you to influence the movement of fish.

In this way, you will always know in which place to catch adults. They will come to this place during feeding hours.

Often this is morning and evening. In terms of diet, we can say that carp is omnivorous and many compare it to pigs.

This comparison came not in appearance, but rather in the way of nutrition. Just like a pig, carp eats whatever is given to it, the main thing is that this content does not contain various chemical additives.

Otherwise, you can throw plant food at it or, in the end, when breeding carp in the country, dig for worms.

Here is a list of the main stages in carp breeding both at home, for example in the country, and in a pond - during mass breeding:

Preparing a place for carp breeding

You must choose a place where it will be convenient to organize a pond. Whether it's big or not doesn't matter.

The main thing is the quality of the soil and its professional suitability for organizing a reservoir.

One of my good friends decided to organize a pond in his countryside: he hired an excavator, chose a place and started working. By the way, I will say that the place was really not bad. There were earthen ramparts all around and a small stream flowing in the center. In fact, it was only necessary to build a normal dam at the end and that’s it. However, the ground was heavily pitted by moles and the water constantly drained through the mole holes. There were cases when in the morning there was a full body of water, and in the evening a small puddle remained from it. Thus, the idea failed miserably.

We build a pond and fill it with water

If you are completely and completely confident that the soil will allow you to make a pond, then you should turn your attention to construction.

When growing carp at home, you should use common sense and you must understand that for normal breeding you need a constant source of water.

If this is not the case, then you will not be able to create a normal pond a priori. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account a number of factors from the soil to a permanent source of water.

After all, if the water is stagnant and does not at least partially renew itself, then soon it will turn green and the fish will definitely not like this state of affairs.

In addition, we note that after filling your reservoir, you should not immediately add fish.

You need to wait a few hours, or better yet a day, for the water to warm up and not be a cold shower for the carp.

As you can see, breeding carp both at home and when breeding in a pond requires quite a few conditions, primarily in the organization of the reservoir and its constant maintenance.

Features of carp breeding

The spawning of carp in your pond is the first sign that everything has been done correctly.

It should be taken into account that in small reservoirs, with a large number of fish, spawning can continue until late summer. It's all about a small area of ​​the reservoir.

There’s no point in fussing about this, but still, a spacious reservoir will create more conditions and advantages for carp breeding for you.

Therefore, increasing the area of ​​the reservoir should be at the forefront of your mind when looking at the future of your business.

Actually, carp are taken for sale after spawning. I advise you not to select the largest individuals, but to find medium-sized fish.

The fact is that, like many fish, carp loses its taste characteristics with old age and should be left for breeding.

I hope we answered the question of how to breed carp and proved to you the prospects of this business. You can look at other ideas for starting your own business on our website of business ideas and plans, and don’t forget to subscribe to our group of new business ideas and plans to keep abreast of the latest developments in business.

Breeding trout and carp as a business

Growing fish or breeding crayfish as a business at home. considered a profitable occupation. But in order to get a decent profit from this business, you need to make a lot of effort and create the necessary conditions for growing fish in artificial reservoirs.

Breeding carp and trout as a business

Before you start bringing your idea to life, you need to decide on the direction, choose what kind of fish you will breed for sale. Carp and trout are the most popular and in demand among the population. Therefore, it is important to make a choice, because the technology of the fishery will directly depend on it.

If possible, it is better to breed two varieties: carp and trout. Carp is an unpretentious fish; a variety of reservoirs are suitable for keeping it. Breeding this species is not difficult; you can study the necessary information from a book or the Internet.

Breeding trout is a much more difficult process; it requires experience and education. This variety is very whimsical regarding the conditions of maintenance and breeding. Therefore, people who are poorly versed in this area are better off choosing another occupation.

How to properly breed carp and trout at home?

Particular attention should be paid to the habitat of the fish. A small reservoir or pond is suitable for breeding. As noted above, carp is less whimsical; the optimal temperature in the pond for growing this fish is 24–25 degrees, the depth is 1.5–2 meters.

Trout, a more delicate type of fish. The optimal temperature in a pond for trout is 15–19 degrees; if the temperature rises, the fish may die, so you need to monitor the pond. Thus, the depth of the pond must be at least 10 meters; only in such an environment will trout farming be possible.

Feeding the fish

Your main expenses will be related to the purchase of the necessary complementary food for the fish. Carp food is much cheaper, the average price for 1 kg of food is from 10 rubles. For trout, 1 kg of feed will cost you from 1 dollar. Every day, carp consume food in an amount of 1.5 - 3% of its weight.

It is very important not to overfeed the fish; excessive feeding will cause the fish to stop growing and gaining weight.

growing carp at home in a pool

Carp is easier to grow and is unpretentious. Many bodies of water are suitable for it. To breed carp, just read a book; there are plenty of them on the market. Growing. Hotel business. Design and architecture. Pets.

Breeding carp at home: why is carp attractive for home fish farming? The recommended length and width are 3x3 meters. Growing carp is impossible without partially replacing the water in the pond.

Growing carp artificially in ponds and reservoirs on a personal plot is not only not a difficult task at all, but also quite profitable. Carp is considered one of the best fish species for breeding in small reservoirs. It is perfectly adapted to life in low-flow and shallow ponds that warm up well. This fish can be grown not only in ponds, but also in cages, pools, and canals. An interesting fact is that in a small reservoir, carp reproduces and grows faster, since it has to spend less time searching for food, and the owner can organize better care.

With sufficient nutrition and favorable temperature conditions in the reservoir, carp grows quickly. This fish is unpretentious to living conditions and tolerates not very good water quality and short periods of oxygen deficiency. In winter, carp can be left to spend the winter in well-equipped reservoirs; they enter a state similar to hibernation and can die only if there is an acute lack of oxygen.

One cannot fail to mention the economic profitability of breeding this fish; for many, this activity has become a profitable business. The fact is that carp grows quickly and at the age of two reaches 1.5-2 kg, and at 15-20 years it weighs up to 20 kg, and the total lifespan of carp is up to 200 years! The typical productivity of this fish is 2 kg. Fertility – up to 1.5 million eggs. There are no problems with the sale of carp - it has high quality meat and a pleasant taste. Carp breeding conditions

Several important conditions must be observed for carp breeding: good water supply, enrichment of water with oxygen, proper nutrition. Let us consider in more detail which conditions for carp breeding are most favorable.

Technology of carp cultivation. Preparing producers for artificial production of offspring from them. Based on the analysis of the data obtained, which allows us to judge the conditions of keeping the fish, appropriate measures are taken.

First, we note that a variety of reservoirs are suitable for carp breeding: lakes and small reservoirs, dug ponds, pools and cages, riverbed and diked ponds, exhausted peat quarries. The bottom of the reservoir can be equipped with clay, film, but better with concrete or brick. Particular attention is paid to water supply.

Pond water supply - the quality and quantity of water must correspond to the technological standards for growing this fish. It is better that the reservoir is running, but the water flow should not be strong.

Proper nutrition - carp is omnivorous, but it is better to feed it with special compound feed, however, in its absence, you can use any other compound feed, for example, intended for pigs or chickens. In extreme cases, you can feed the fish grains of cereals and legumes, after soaking them in water. Loose feed is thrown into the reservoir in the form of a tight dough, that is, it is first kneaded in a basin or bucket. Carp in the pond are fed once or twice a day. It is advisable to set a specific time for feeding.

A filtration system is extremely necessary in stagnant or low-flowing reservoirs. It is better to install a two-stage filtration system: mechanical and biological. Such a system will remove organic waste, fish excrement and food residues, and filtration will ensure optimal gas balance.

For breeding, they usually choose mirror carp (with mosaic scales scattered throughout the body), scaly carp, linear carp (with scales located along the lateral lines), Ukrainian scaly and Ukrainian framed carp, as well as naked carp (has no scales).

In household conditions, it is difficult to provide technological parameters for keeping fish, and for growing carp, shallow, well-heated, stagnant and low-flowing reservoirs with moderately developed soft aquatic vegetation are preferable.

For profitable breeding, the growing period for carp is 1-2 years. Breeding carp in a pond

For carp breeding in a pond to be successful, its depth must be at least 1.5 meters, and the total volume must be more than 8 tons (approximate size 3 * 3 meters).

It is better if the pond is placed in a quiet corner of the plot so that the fish are not frightened by the constant noise from the road or sports ground. The pond should be well lit by the sun, but be in the shade for some part of the day. The optimal water temperature for carp breeding is +24-26°C; if the water temperature drops, the feeding intensity of the fish will also decrease. And maximum temperatures of -4, +30°C are unfavorable for carp; in this mode, the fish will refuse food.

The reservoir should not be placed in a low-lying area, as dirty runoff or melt water will flow into it when it rains and melts snow.

The process of constructing a carp pond is no different from constructing a decorative pond. Stocking should be done in settled water around March; if it is still cool during this period, the pond is covered with a transparent film. If you properly care for the fish, then by December you can get large specimens up to 1.5 kg.

To successfully breed carp in a pond, do not forget to plant various plants on the walls of the reservoir, since this fish spawns in coastal vegetation, which serves as the basis for gluing the eggs.

The development of the embryo in the egg occurs within 3-6 days; on the second day after leaving the egg, the fry begins to actively feed on zooplankton. The food for adult carp are mollusks, bloodworms and various plant foods. Breeding carp in pools

It is believed that breeding carp in pools is the most profitable method, since it is easier to maintain a favorable temperature regime in them and regulate the intensity of water exchange. Swimming pools are also easier to wash and clean and easier to maintain good oxygen conditions.

The most popular pools are made of fiberglass; they can be square, round, rectangular or have any shape, and their size varies from 1 to 40 m3. Vertical silo pools, into which water is supplied from below and flows down through the top, are also gaining popularity. They have a small area, but allow you to get a good brood of fish.

If the pool is filled with clean water, then it must be prepared for launching fish. It is left to stand for several days, allowing microorganisms to appear. You can throw a couple of bunches of grass into the water or fill a few buckets from a nearby pond.

Remember to aerate the pool water, pump it up and drain it. Aeration is performed using any compressor (even a vacuum cleaner will do).

If the above conditions are met, carp breeding in a pool or pond will be successful and profitable.

Making mulled wine at home. Anyone can successfully develop a carp farming business, and its effectiveness will be quite predictable and stable.

In this article we will talk about how to grow carp at home in a pond or pool. In this business, growing carp is considered a priority.

Therefore, let's talk about the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bgrowing carp at home in more detail. This fish can live in extremely extreme conditions, even in the presence of wet soil, as in the case of a puddle.

You can also grow fish in cages, but this will require some additions - barrels, frames, lighting and the cages themselves. business functioning, you should read specialized literature on keeping and caring for carp at home.

To do this, it is enough to have an artificial reservoir at your disposal and start breeding carp at home in the country. Moreover, even a very small pond with an area of ​​20 sq.m. or more is suitable for this. and a depth of about 2 m.

As for example, brave entrepreneurs from the city of Biysk did this, one might say, at home. Along with ornamental Koi carp, growing commercial fish is also increasingly gaining interest.

From an economic point of view, carp breeding is profitable due to its rapid growth and low demands on living conditions. Breeding rabbits in households. Video of rabbit breeding.

Growing carp at home: carp fingerlings

Raising carp fry is not an easy task, but it is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. Of course, before you start mastering the cultivation of carp fingerlings, you need to take into account many subtleties, prepare the pond and prepare food, but the result is worth it.

Fingerlings are grown carp fry that weigh about five grams. With proper maintenance and feeding, by the fall they are fully prepared for the winter and gain a weight of up to thirty grams, and the next year - up to five hundred grams and even more.

So, first of all, you need to prepare a pond for raising fry. As a rule, ponds are filled with flood water, so you can be sure that there are no other fish in them. The water must sit for some time in order not only to warm up to the desired temperature, but also to achieve a stable microclimate, which is very important for the growth and normal development of small fish. Then spawning ponds are planted in these breeding ponds or purchased fry are released.

In the first days after transplantation (especially if the fingerlings were transported for a long time and with shaking), a significant part of the fry often die. Therefore, when calculating how much fish to buy, these losses must be taken into account before purchasing. On average, losses are about thirty percent, so fry need to be purchased with approximately the same margin.

In order to optimize losses and feed fish taking into account their characteristics, the larvae are fed with special feed. This feeding has two advantages. First of all, such nutrition is balanced, containing the optimal amount of protein and phosphorus necessary for the development of larvae. And, what is also important, such feeding increases the larvae’s resistance to the environment, and therefore their survival. Another widely used food for carp larval rearing is

These are grains that need to be enriched with other additives: legumes, feed with an animal base (for example, bone meal), etc.

If there is a significant amount of bioplankton in the ponds, the consumption of feed used for feeding carp can be spent about a third less than specified in the standards, due to the fact that the boy is quite unpretentious and omnivorous.

Growing carp at home is not the easiest task, but with proper organization of the business, you can get marketable carp in just two years. Raising fingerlings is only the first stage, labor-intensive, but no less joyful, because this is the first stage of carp cultivation.

Sources:

Many experts say that among the advantages of carp breeding are the fish’s ability to survive in a body of water, undemanding nutrition and accelerated growth. Therefore, if there is an artificial reservoir or swimming pool at your summer cottage, you should definitely take advantage of it. But to breed carp at home, you should know some pitfalls and techniques so that you can get the desired result.

Characteristics and description of carp

This type of freshwater fish widespread and belongs to the genus Cyprinidae. Its original homeland is Asia, but nowadays this fish is known almost all over the world. Carp has become famous due to the fact that it is quite in demand in the industrial sphere and is profitable to breed.

This is interesting! History knows such a case when English and German fishermen caught carp weighing 38-40 kg on a fishing rod. But the Guinness Book presents a record holder who was caught weighing 41 kg and approximately 17 years old.

Domestic carp, unlike wild carp, grow faster and easily take root in the territories of Russia and Ukraine. The most popular breeds in the field of aquaculture are considered to be framed and scaly Ukrainian carp. But fish farmers since ancient times Mirror carps are valued for breeding. Their length is 100 cm, the weight of adult specimens ranges from 35 to 120 kg. This type of fish can only be caught in the Asian expanses, and in the CIS countries their weight does not exceed 50 kg.

This is interesting! Life expectancy is 50 years. They can lay about 800 eggs if the water temperature is not lower than 17 degrees.

Purchasing fry

To breed carp at home, it is advisable to buy fry from fish farms. To do this, you should find out all the necessary information about the farm, how it has proven itself in the market and how long ago this organization was created. When buying fry, you need to ask for a license and inquire about the presence of diseases and possible epidemics that have recently occurred.

All these factors influence the success of the future business, because before purchasing, such nuances affect adaptation to the new place of residence, so it is also necessary to look at the conditions of keeping the fish. Most novice fish farming entrepreneurs believe that if you buy unfertilized eggs and make a Weiss device at home, you can raise young fish yourself without much difficulty.

This method of growing is quite effective, but there is one drawback - using this device is not as simple as it seems at first glance, this requires experience and special knowledge, otherwise you will not get a high-quality fingerling for wintering. If such a decision has been made, then you should prepare to re-purchase the fry from the fish farm, which, in turn, will take time.

Important tip! Fish farmers with extensive experience recommend purchasing fingerlings that are at least 1 year old and have experienced wintering.

Breeding carp at home

Before breeding carp at home, you need to properly equip your pool or pond. It is necessary to create comfortable conditions for fish.

Breeding carp in the pool

This option assumes a depth of at least 100 cm and a volume of at least 15 cubic meters. Carp is a fish that adapts to different conditions, so plastic, concrete, ceramics and wood can be used for the pool; different types of shapes can also be used. A fish pool should be equipped with a special compressor, filters, drainage system, aerators and sterilizers.

But despite the time-consuming efforts, most fish farmers prefer to grow carp in pools. In this case, it is possible to regulate the temperature and circulation of water, and this significantly affects the life of the fish. The pool is effective because it is easy to set the desired oxygen level.

Silo basins appeared not so long ago and have already begun to gain popularity. The design principle is as follows: water is supplied from below and, flowing around the circumference, fills the container to the desired level. There is also a drawback, the size of this pool is quite small, which is very disadvantageous. Carp should be introduced into the pool when the microflora has formed. As the fish grows, it is recommended to periodically drain and refill with new water.

Need to know! April and March are the best times to release fry.

Breeding burls in a pond

If your country house already has an old pond, it is enough to clean it and provide the pond with plant food. But such reservoirs are not always available; in this case, for carp breeding, they should be created artificially. Preparation will not take more than 1 year. The parameters of the pond according to the technology are as follows: an average depth of 150 cm, and an area of ​​at least 300*300 cm. Trees and grass must be planted near the shore - this will ensure that the edges of the reservoir are secured. At the end, special algae and other vegetation are planted for food.

Some fish farmers advise compacting the bottom, and this is done with concrete and sand. A rubber film is laid on top of the frozen solution, then water is poured in and zooplankton is diluted, subsequently creating an artificial nature of the reservoir. Carps prefer warm water, so filling them with cold water is strongly not recommended.

After the whole process, the water in the pond should be infused to an average temperature of 25 degrees. To create microflora in an accelerated mode, it is enough to take a couple of dozen buckets of water from a wild reservoir and add it to an artificial pond. It is not advisable to build a container in lowlands, or near roads.

Need to know! You should not allow waterfowl to settle on the pond, they can carry an infection.

Feeding carp

After 9 months of carp breeding, small caviar can grow into a 500 gram individual if the fish is given a complete and balanced diet. The following living creatures are suitable as food for the fry: mollusks, insect larvae, ciliates, worms and small crustaceans. According to the technology, carp are bred in a semi-intensive and intensive way:

Behavior of carp in winter

During the winter season, carp eat less and hibernate. If the artificial pond is small, the carp may die; it overwinters well in natural ponds. The problem is not enough oxygen in the water.

The problem is solved! It is enough to purchase the equipment. It is necessary to install an aeration device in the reservoir, which will maintain the temperature within 0 degrees. There is a second option: the carps should be moved to a huge indoor container.

After the first melting of snow, it is allowed to move the fish back into the reservoir, but on the condition that the water in it has warmed up sufficiently.

It is important to know! Carp throw fish in shallow water for several days, then they begin to feed intensively, gaining strength. Fish at three years of age may get rubella, the disease should be prevented in a timely manner. For high profits, it is recommended to buy a set of equipment:

This equipment will significantly simplify the task and bring high profits to the fish farmer.