In France, Italy and Spain, a significant number of people drink wine, almost every day. However, in these countries life expectancy is one of the longest in the world. Sociologists note that in Russia there is also a tendency to abandon vodka in favor of table wine. In addition, in our country, especially in the south, more and more entrepreneurs dream of opening their own wine production.
A winery as a business is not that simple. We will tell you in this article what you need to know to become a successful winemaker.
Learning from old books
Crimean businessman Gleb Kharchenko advises reading some books before opening a private winery. “Check out the “Fundamentals of Biochemistry of Winemaking” by Rodopoulo, and also study 2 volumes of “Technological Rules of Winemaking” edited by Valuiko,” says the entrepreneur. “If there is no doubt after this, then go for it.” On the Internet you can also find an interesting work “Theory and Practice of Winemaking”, written by Jean-Riberto Gayon.
The authors of these publications write that the production of quality wine is based on deep knowledge and extensive personal experience, since we are talking about an extremely capricious drink. Wines can lose flavor and aroma for no apparent reason. The winemaking process depends on the grape variety. Jean-Riberto Guyon emphasizes that it is impossible to reproduce industrial methods at home, since it is necessary to have a specialized laboratory. By the way, he strongly advises making wine from the harvest of his vineyards, which are characterized by the stability of the berries. The fact is that wine, being an unstable colloidal system, turns into mumbo jumbo with any deviation in production. The most capricious wine is white.
“The harvested grapes are checked not only for sugar and acid-base balance, but also for nitrogen concentration, as well as for the content of coloring matter and phenol,” explains Gleb Kharchenko. - But these are still “flowers”. A private winery that wants to have stable demand must master a rather difficult operation called closed transfer. This is when oxygen is first squeezed out of a container with water, and then carbon dioxide is squeezed out of water. No self-respecting wine boutique will accept wine that has not undergone demetallization. As a result of this procedure, the product gets rid of heavy metals.”
How and where to sell original wine
The easiest way to master the so-called primary processing, which results in young wine. As soon as fermentation stops, the drink begins to be sold. Moreover, the product must be sold before the summer of next year. Businessmen and buyers do not highly value such wineries, which are characterized by low profitability but high labor costs.
“These wines differ little from the drinks that private owners sell in the gateways of resorts in Crimea and the Krasnodar Territory,” comments technologist Anna Yashina. - If a businessman wants to sell his wines in restaurants and reputable stores, in addition to the winery, he needs wine cellars for aging. An example is the winery in Massandra.”
The choice of equipment depends on the technology of wine production and the variety of grapes grown. If an entrepreneur plans to set up a winery in an area where only simple varieties or hybrids grow, then he will have to purchase continuous presses. In this case, he will work for volume, putting quality in second place. But where nature and climate favor high-quality grapes, it is logical to use periodic hydraulic or pneumatic presses - both vertical and horizontal - with chains for mixing the pulp.
Special literature provides detailed descriptions of technical processes for each type of wine produced - right down to drawings for the independent production of pressing machines, presses, vats for fermenting red wines, barrels and bottles, mechanisms for bottling. After all, this drink has a centuries-old history. True, for large volumes, as practice shows, it is cheaper to purchase ready-made turnkey lines. Entrepreneurs who want to gain first experience can make “homemade” equipment for the so-called signature wine.
“Author’s wine is also called garage wine,” explains Gleb Kharchenko. - It is clear that this means a low level of quality. However, at this stage, many - about 99% of starting winemakers - begin to realize the size of the required investment and responsibility for the result. After all, you can get poisoned by bad wine. Natural selection is essentially happening here.”
Winery as a legacy business
Entrepreneurs, having gone through the stage called “author’s wine,” begin to understand that the production of home wine is significantly different from an industrial winery. And yet, among the signature wines there are drinks worthy of the best Italian or Spanish restaurants. Success, as a rule, is achieved by people who are in love with their business and know how to grow high-quality grapes.
Today, from one hectare you can get 400 or more deciliters of excellent wine if you use highly productive varieties. Good soil and favorable climatic conditions are necessary. “Usually they get a third less,” says Anna Yashina. - We have to sacrifice volume for quality. If you squeeze out everything you can, at best you will sell it for 200 rubles per liter. If you approach the matter more tenderly and attentively, then, having lost 25% on volume, you will already receive 400 rubles per liter. Plus reputation."
According to the technologist, only on 10 or more hectares of vineyards can a more or less profitable winery be organized, focusing on the production of red wine of traditional varieties. The annual production volume of a small winery will be approximately 10-12 thousand deciliters. Start-up expenses are about 4-6 million rubles, including the costs of obtaining permits, purchasing equipment and materials. Typically, such a winery employs a family and two hired workers during the harvest season. With a successful start, the break-even point is reached in 5-7 years.
If the vineyard area is smaller, it is unlikely that it will even be possible to achieve self-sufficiency, taking into account all kinds of taxes and fees. Gleb Kharchenko calls for very careful handling of numbers, which under different conditions can jump in one direction or the other. For some, a million rubles will be enough to organize a profitable wine production, but for others, even 100 million will not be enough. “It’s funny to see the calculations from armchair experts,” he says. - The winery is growing like a person. At first it could be 6 acres in the country - it’s logical to compare such a home winery with the first steps of a baby.”
All successful private wineries in Europe, as a rule, are family businesses with a history of several generations. They grew gradually, filling new areas where vineyards were planted. European winemakers learn technological secrets in practice - which of course does not exclude the need to receive special education.
“When opening private wine production, count on a long-term family business that will reach its peak in 4-5 generations, not earlier,” technologist Anna Yashina agrees with entrepreneur Kharchenko. - Otherwise, very large initial investments will be required - tens, or even hundreds of millions of rubles. With that kind of money, it makes more sense to buy an operating, profitable winery.”
Conclusion
Private wineries as a business are popular in our country. Own wine production will most likely be of an evolutionary nature with a gradual increase in vineyard area and production volumes. Not every winemaker will be able to “get back on his feet” - only those who are endlessly in love with their business.
Many of us love good wine. But few people think about organizing their own business producing various types of wine. Meanwhile, this business is thriving, despite any crises and other economic phenomena. People who are accustomed to periodically drinking a glass of good wine find it very difficult to give up their habit. And there's nothing wrong with that. After all, wine is one of the few alcoholic drinks that can be called healthy. If you drink it in reasonable quantities, of course.
Today our country is in the top twenty most popular wine suppliers on the international market. Our wines participate in prestigious competitions and even take prizes. All this speaks of the high quality of the wines we produce.
Add to this the high profitability of production. If all conditions for growing grapes and their subsequent processing are met, business profitability can exceed 100%. As a result, you will get a very promising, and also incredibly noble and prestigious one, which you are not ashamed to tell your friends about. What can I say, it’s not a shame to tell the whole world about such a business. The main thing, of course, is to produce a truly good product. We'll talk about quality below. For now, let's start with the most important thing.
Legalization of wine production business
If you want to be an honest and law-abiding winemaker who has no problems with government regulatory and inspection authorities, you need to prepare a whole bunch of papers and obtain the necessary licenses.
First of all, we register a legal entity. We make copies of documents confirming the creation of a legal entity and certify them with a notary’s signature.
We prepare copies of the following documents - a tax registration document and a receipt for payment of the state fee for obtaining a license.
You will also need conclusions on the premises’ compliance with sanitary, epidemiological, fire, and environmental standards and requirements.
In addition, you will need papers confirming the amount of the authorized capital, as well as an application for a license to produce wine.
But that's not all. If you maintain your own laboratory for chemical and technological control of product production, you will need a document confirming the accreditation of this unit, as well as copies of certificates of conformity of production equipment. If you work with a third-party laboratory, you will need documents from them.
As you can see, legalizing a wine production business is a rather complicated and lengthy matter. But by going through this procedure, you will protect yourself from all sorts of problems in the future.
Two ways of business development
Or rather, there are even three ways for further events to develop. All of them relate to methods of obtaining raw materials for future wine. Not all producers own their own vineyards. Moreover, not every winery uses initially fresh grapes in production. Some of them produce wine from balka.
Bulk is a wine material; in fact, it is bulk wine, which is delivered in huge tanks. As a rule, bulk products are imported into our country from abroad. From Europe, USA, Brazil, Chile, Africa. Most often, bulk is a very cheap raw material. This is not even raw material, but almost finished bulk wine. It's just of low quality. And therefore, it is very inexpensive. Typically, the cost of one liter of bulk is 0.5-0.8 dollars. But there are also exceptions. For example, bulk from France can cost 5-6 dollars per liter.
As you already understand, producing wine from balka is the easiest and cheapest way to obtain raw materials. You just need to buy the bulk, bottle it, giving the drink a little status, and you're done. This type of wine is called bulk wine.
If you want to get higher quality (and more expensive) wine, then it is better to look towards buying fresh grapes or creating your own vineyards. The last method is the most optimal. After all, you will not depend on suppliers, price jumps and other factors. You will be able to clearly plan the future of your business. In addition, owning your own vineyards is considered very prestigious in the world of wine business.
Creating your own vineyard
First of all, you will need a piece of land. The larger it is, the more grapes you can grow. This means you will produce more wine and earn more from selling it. But, be that as it may, first of all, you need to build on your own financial capabilities. If we talk about a vineyard, then one hectare of land, with all the watering, seedlings, fertilizers, will cost you 3-4 thousand dollars.
In order for the business to become as profitable as possible, it is worth considering plots of land for vineyards with an area of 20-30 hectares or more. That is, the vineyards alone will require about 60-100 thousand dollars of investment. And further. Don't forget that wine production is a long-term business. Aged wines are prized. That is, after receiving the drink, you need to wait another 3-5 years before it can be sent to store shelves.
Premises for a future winery
To obtain a license to open a winery, you need to bring the premises of the winery itself, as well as storage facilities, to certain requirements and conditions.
This is especially true for the premises where future wines will be stored. Previously, they were stored in huge wine cellars. You can also follow this ancient path. Or you can choose a more modern option.
Thanks to modern climate control equipment, it is possible to maintain the required humidity and temperature in almost any building. So there should be no problems with storing wines.
Equipment for wine production
To equip your vineyards and winery, you will need the following pieces of equipment and accessories.
First, you need tractors, automatic bush trimmers and other agricultural equipment. The final list depends on the size of the business. You don’t have to buy all this large and very expensive equipment, but rent it. Here everyone decides what is more profitable.
Secondly, you will need an automatic watering system for the vineyards, as well as wooden boxes for harvesting.
The winery will need a pressing press, cleaning and filtration equipment, fermentation tanks and quality oak barrels.
Complete equipment of a small winery and the creation of one hectare of vineyard will cost about a million rubles. And approximately 150-200 thousand will be required for each additional hectare of area.
Wine production process
In practice, wine production is the following process. The grapes are harvested in vineyards. Next it is sent to the press for spinning.
After pressing, the raw materials are sent to fermentation containers. These are not just ordinary tanks. This is high-tech equipment. A certain temperature is maintained inside the fermentation tanks, which prevents the future wine from oxidizing.
The next stage is the aging of future wines. To do this, the drink is poured into oak barrels and left there for a certain time. Usually - from several months to several years.
The penultimate stage is bottling the wine. Why penultimate? Yes, because after bottling the wine is sent to the warehouse for several more months. There it is monitored and all possible “defects” are monitored. The wine may become cloudy or sediment may appear. Naturally, such bottles are written off and are not sold.
The last stage is sending the finished wine to store shelves.
Important factors influencing the taste of future wine
Many people believe that the quality and taste of wine directly depends on the grape variety used. If the grapes are tasty, then the wine will be excellent. And vice versa. In fact, everything is much more complicated. The taste, of course, depends on the raw materials. It even depends on the year of harvest. But not only these factors affect the taste.
For example, an important factor is the oak barrels in which the drink is stored before bottling. The spin percentage also affects the taste. To get the highest quality and tasty wine with a bright aroma, you need to take no more than 60-65% of the juice from the grapes during pressing.
The taste of wine also depends on adherence to production technology. The more qualified and responsible personnel work in your winery, the greater the chances of getting the highest quality product.
Attention! The free business plan offered for download below is a sample. A business plan that best suits the conditions of your business must be created with the help of specialists.
Oleg Zvyagintsev's winery has reached a stable level of income. Production specialization is table and dessert wine, capacity is increasing, and fortified drinks will appear in the future.
Winery on the city outskirts
European wine tours have always fascinated me with their patriarchal flavor. Well-groomed vineyard plantations smoothly turned into ancient estates.
Tourists descend into the cool cellars of family wineries, and the tasting lasts throughout the evening. I wanted to organize something similar in my southern city. “Having completed half my earthly life,” I found myself not in a dark forest, but at a crossroads, blown by all the winds.
It was necessary to wisely manage savings in order to ensure a comfortable old age for themselves and leave a profitable business for their heirs. I had been interested in winemaking for a long time, but all the skills of an amateur “garagist” were not suitable for serial production.
I dreamed of producing real wine, with licenses and excise stamps. He approached the matter thoroughly and downloaded a business plan template for a winery.
I had theoretical knowledge; it was not in vain that I spent so much time in the company of Italian winemakers. It happened that even my wife was offended that she went to beaches and museums alone, while I kept disappearing into local distilleries.
Now I had to adapt the European experience to the conditions of Russian provincial life. I had no doubt about success; how can good wine not be in demand?
Russian bottling cider
I consulted with logistics specialists and found premises for a mini-factory near the city limits. The access roads are good and there is space for storage facilities.
I was glad that I didn’t buy a ready-made business plan. The costs are unnecessary, and a model of behavior is almost imposed: everything is planned, everything is calculated. A business plan template is like a road map, the route is indicated, and where to go is up to you.
I thought about the climate and decided to offer apple cider to customers. The drink is pleasant, it is still poorly represented on the market, and there is an abundance of raw materials for production.
The vine is tender and capricious
I did everything strictly according to the business plan, understanding that the results would appear in three years. You can't rush and mess around here.
Here is the standard sequence of actions:
- Registered the winery and trademark;
- Received licenses and certificates. Now I’m not afraid of any auditors, I can apply for a contract with any retail chain;
- Construction work included both the production workshop and the road cafe in the adjacent area. I'm going to sell wine gift sets. We prepared beautiful wicker boxes, each containing two bottles of grape wine. I found a specialist who knows how to weave a “fur coat” from wicker for a shaped bottle. It looks very stylish: the wood is varnished and the handle is woven. I think many people will like souvenir bottles of young wine;
- The acquisition of equipment and the commissioning process are the most expensive activities. I wanted complete sterility. If grapes were now crushed underfoot as in the old days, buyers would run away in horror and become convinced teetotalers;
- Agreed on the supply of raw materials. We will receive different varieties of grapes, such wholesale purchases will be cheaper. Not all of them are intended for winemaking, some of them will be used for grape juice, and we will also open a parallel line for the production of raisins.
Gastronomic delicacies
The financial part of the business plan is an accurate calculation of expenses and income. If you want to make a profit exceeding the planned one, you should introduce creative directions.
For example, we began to produce onion confitures based on red wine, pickled grapes, and spicy wine sauces. All this is packaged in miniature containers in gift packaging. Demand is encouraging; competitors are left far behind.
A man is always inspired by success; new ideas have appeared. I feel that I will soon have to download a new business plan to expand the winery’s range of products.
Kindzmarauli Winery
Some useful information and a brief presentation of the winery’s business plan:
Here is a business plan for a winery. The project sets itself several key objectives:
- Creation of a highly profitable enterprise;
- Receiving a stable monthly income;
- Satisfying the needs of the consumer market for quality alcoholic beverages.
This project requires financing in the amount of 1,155,000 rubles. To implement the project, you can take out a commercial loan from a bank at 17.5% per annum.
Expenses
For the correct and stable operation of a winery, it is necessary to take into account many details and calculate the expected cost items:
1. Renting premises. You will have to pay about 15,000 monthly rent.
2. Remuneration of personnel. On average, here you will have to spend about 330,000 rubles.
3. The purchase of raw materials will cost 450-470 thousand rubles.
4. Utilities will cost approximately the same as rent - 15,000 rubles.
5. Depreciation of equipment – 10,000 rubles.
6. Purchase of auxiliary materials – 55 thousand rubles.
7. Other production costs are about 300,000 rubles.
Equipment
Let's consider the equipment necessary for the full operation of a winery:
- Reservoir – from 3 pieces;
- Pasteurizers;
- Bottle washing machine;
- Packaging and filling machine;
- Device for gluing excise stamps and labels;
- Water softening and deep purification device;
- Coal column;
- Conveyor;
- Single flow sand filter;
- Thermal tunnel for heating caps.
According to rough estimates, the purchase of all necessary equipment, its transportation with further installation at the enterprise will cost you approximately 2 million rubles.
Tricks to significantly increase your sales level:
1. For regular or wholesale buyers, it is recommended to introduce a system of discounts and auction offers.
2. Open a certain number of branded stores where customers can purchase wines by the glass.
3. Hold open tastings several times a year to familiarize potential buyers with your products and attract more investors.
4. For regular customers, issue goods for sale. The principle is this: first they sell your product, and then pay its cost.
5. Consider plant tours. This will increase profits and significantly increase customer interest in your company.
Wineries typically produce a wide variety of products.
For example:
1. Sherry.
2. Liqueurs.
3. Table wines.
4. Port wine.
5. Dessert wines.
6. Madera.
In any winery, one of the main components is storage. It must meet all requirements and be spacious.
The older the wine, the tastier it is and, accordingly, more expensive. Consider releasing a limited edition wine from time to time to commemorate a specific event. Such a batch will be able to sell for much more.
A reader contacted the editor. An elderly woman has her own garden, in which there are many fruit and berry trees. A pensioner makes wine from the juice of fruits and berries without using yeast. At the end of last year, a local police officer came to her home and noticed a 20-liter bottle of wine. The district police officer took the bottle, saying that he would send the wine to a laboratory for examination to determine the number of degrees in the alcoholic drink. “What does this affect? Autumn will come, there will be a lot of berries, I, like many older people, want to make wine again, writes an 83-year-old woman. - How to avoid violations?
AiF found out whether it is legal to make wine at home and what strength an alcoholic product should have in order to avoid problems with the law.
Tinctures and liqueurs
First you need to decide which category of alcoholic beverages homemade wine belongs to.
Thus, the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Republic of Belarus identifies the following concepts.
Beer- a drink obtained by fermenting hopped malt wort with brewer's yeast, with a volume fraction of ethyl alcohol of 0.5% or more. There are no restrictions on storage and movement. However, you can get a fine when selling beer with an alcohol content of more than 7%.
Low alcohol drinks- drinks (except for fermented milk drinks, kvass and beer) with a volume fraction of ethyl alcohol from 0.5 to 7%. There are no prohibitions on storage, sale, or movement at all.Alcoholic drinks- vodka, liqueurs, wine, cognac, brandy, Calvados, champagne and other drinks with a volume fraction of ethyl alcohol of 7% or more. Citizens are allowed to store any amount of alcoholic beverages at home. However, no more than 5 liters of alcohol can be transported within the country without excise taxes. You will have to answer for excess.
Strong alcoholic drinks (moonshine) are understood as alcoholic drinks with a volume fraction of ethyl alcohol of 28% or more, produced by individuals by fermenting raw materials and subsequent distillation.
The law here is strict: you can store no more than 5 liters at home, and making and purchasing moonshine is punishable.
Not for sale
Alcohol products are cognac, fruit and ethyl alcohol obtained from food raw materials, alcoholic drinks and food alcohol semi-finished products (wine materials, distillates, fermented alcoholic and alcoholized juices, infusions, fruit drinks and aqueous-alcoholic extracts, concentrated food bases, food flavorings, cognac in bulk, whiskey in bulk, etc.) with a volume fraction of ethyl alcohol of 7% or more. Homemade wine also falls under this definition, the deputy head of the Minsk police department explained to AiF - Police Lieutenant Colonel Alexey BULAT.
There are no restrictions on the storage and movement of wine, tinctures and liqueurs made by individuals at home and intended for their own consumption. But if a citizen decides to sell his wine or tincture to a neighbor, problems with the law may arise.Sale by an individual who is not an individual entrepreneur of alcoholic beverages (according to the law), including self-made ones, in the absence of signs of illegal business activity, entails a fine in the amount of 5 to 20 basic units with confiscation of the alcoholic beverages sold.
In this article:
Producing grape wine on an industrial scale requires large investments and equally painstaking work. The success of the business fully depends on the quality of the raw materials and strict adherence to the technological process. At the same time, the profitability of production can be about 100%, and the invested funds will be returned only in three to four years. Today, winemaking is one of the most prestigious types of business, which creates a large number of jobs.
Features of organizing a winemaking business
When starting the planning stage of a wine production business, you need to have a fairly large amount of funds available (about 1.5 million rubles). Such investments can be attracted with the help of a bank loan. It should be noted that this money is used to purchase not only the main production line, raw materials and other expenses, but also to purchase office equipment, in particular furniture and computer equipment.
Let us highlight the main stages of creating a winemaking business:
- selection of a site for the construction of an industrial building or conclusion of a lease agreement;
- registration of an organization;
- registration of permits (licensing and certification);
- construction and installation works (improvement of the adjacent territory and road construction);
- acquisition of main and auxiliary equipment with its subsequent installation;
- selection and hiring of employees;
- purchase of raw materials;
- commissioning works.
The planned capacity of the mini-winery is 8,000 deciliters per month with the production of table, dessert and liqueur wines. In the process of choosing a location for the production capacity of a mini-factory, transport accessibility and close proximity to potential consumers of wine products should be taken into account.
Composition of winemaking technology
There are two main stages in wine production technology:
- primary winemaking;
- basement farming.
Many production processes are common to the production of all types of wine. Still, some changes are present; at the same time, general and special winemaking are distinguished. The basic technical techniques of primary winemaking can be found in the following figure.
Wine production technology involves the following processes:
1. Crushing grapes- the liquid contents of the berries are extracted and juice mixed with peel and seeds (pulp) is obtained.
3. Transportation of combs for disposal.
4. Fermentation of clarified wort- turning it into wine.
5. Wort clarification through settling - suspended turbidity particles are removed and premature fermentation is prevented through the use of sulfurous acid or cold.
6. Removing the resulting wine from the yeast sediment– the first transfer for further refinement in the wine cellar.
Thus, the above process can be schematically represented as follows.
Grape processing begins with its crushing - mechanical destruction. The grapes are crushed using special crushers/stemmers. Next, the accumulated pulp is pressed, namely, the wort is separated from the solid parts of the bunch.
The stage of wort clarification through settling occurs on the principle of removing suspended turbidity particles and preventing premature fermentation through the use of sulfurous acid or cold. Then it's his turn fermentation, i.e. the stage of direct transformation into wine. Method for producing white wines provides for the supply of the resulting pulp through a special pump into a drainer (an inclined cylinder with perforated walls), in which the gravity-fed wort is separated.
After this, with the help of presses, final squeeze.
Just this way obtain press fractions of wort, which are subsequently subjected to lightening(by settling or collecting the supernatant).
A day later, treatment with sulfur dioxide occurs. Then the clarified wort is fed for subsequent fermentation into special fermentation tanks or long-term fermentation units.
Enterprise organization
In order to open a winemaking enterprise, you need to choose the organizational and legal form of the business.
The most common option is LLC, while OKVED will look like:
- 15.93 — Production of food products, including drinks, and tobacco.
- 01.13.1- Production of wine from grapes grown by this farm.
- 51.34.21 — Bottling wine
- 74.82 — Packaging without processing of wine.
In this case, the enterprise will have the right to produce table, ordinary, sparkling and sparkling grape wines. If you plan to organize a small-scale production, in which the number of personnel will not exceed 100 people, then you can opt for the UTII (single tax on imputed income) taxation system. In this case, it is necessary to enter the relevant data into certain documents (entry in the state register and charter).
Since the beginning of 2010, under wine certification understand receipt for finished products declaration of conformity. At the same time, the first step in wine certification is the issuance of a sanitary and epidemiological certificate (SEZ).
To produce wine within the limits of the law you must also obtain a license. To do this, you should contact the executive authority at the place of legal registration of the organization provide the following documents:
- application for a license (standard form);
- copies of constituent documents (certified by a notary);
- a copy of the document on registration with the tax office;
- a copy of the receipt for payment of the state fee for the provision of the license;
- conclusions on the compliance of the production premises with established requirements and standards (sanitary and epidemiological, fire safety, environmental);
- a copy of the agreement with the laboratory on quality control of finished products;
- copies of certificates of conformity of main technological equipment.
After passing the sanitary and epidemiological examination, an official document is issued, which is confirmation of the product quality declared by the manufacturer. According to the technological instructions, the wine product must comply with the approved indicators for strength, sugar content, amount of extract in the drink, acids and dry substances, etc.
Wine samples must comply with current GOSTs, namely:
- GOST R 51074-2003 - grape wines;
- GOST R 52523-2006 - table wines;
- GOST R 52404-2005 - special wines;
- GOST R 52195-2003 - flavored wines;
- GOST R 52558-2006 - carbonated wines and sparkling pearl wines.
Certification of wine products implies obtaining declarations on compliance and sanitary-epidemiological conclusion.
During this process, the quality of the drink will be analyzed, namely the presence of toxic substances (for example, sulfur dioxide, ethyl alcohol). In this regard, the rights of consumers are protected, who are guaranteed to receive high-quality and safe finished wine products.
List of necessary equipment for a wine production plant
To produce the first batch of wine, the mini-factory must be equipped with the following equipment:
1. Pneumatic grape press;
2. Grape crusher with destemmer;
3. Receiver;
4. Conveyor;
5. Filter press;
Wine bottling line:
- automatic filling machine ARL-8T;
- capping machine;
- applicator for applying self-adhesive labels;
- TRP conveyor
Wine business plan
First of all, you need to take care of the location of the enterprise’s production capacity. It is desirable that the plant has the possibility of one-time storage. To produce 1000 bottles per day, one grape processing line with a capacity of 500 kg/hour is required. An efficient production process, as well as high quality of the finished product, will be possible subject to the availability of:
- bottling shop;
- cellars for aging fine wines (approximate dimensions: width - 8 m, length - 40 m, depth - about 4 m);
- alcohol storage facilities (in the case of production of dessert and fortified wines);
- boiler room;
- finished product warehouse (at least 200 m3);
- auxiliary bottling workshop;
- well-appointed office.
The actual location of the enterprise is often located outside the city or on its outskirts, since this area facilitates the passage of vehicles. The legal address may well be located in the center of a metropolis or a small town.
Equipment costs
We purchase the necessary equipment for wine production:
- Pneumatic grape press – 320,000 rubles.
- Grape crusher with destemmer – 15,000 rubles.
- Receivers - 25,000 rubles.
- Conveyors – 45,000 rubles.
- Filter press – 110,000 rubles.
- Line for bottling wine: (Price: 910,000 rubles) (filling machine ARL-8T - 457,000 rubles; capping machine UA-3000 - 250,000 rubles; applicator for applying self-adhesive labels - 151,000 rubles; TRP conveyor - 52,000 rubles. ).
The total cost of the production line is 1,425,000 rubles. Often installation and commissioning is carried out at the expense of the supplier.
Raw material costs
Raw materials needed to produce the first batch of wine:
50 tons of grapes - 1,000,000 rubles (1 ton -20,000 rubles); - additional materials (sugar, alcohol, bottles, labels, decorative corks, etc.) - 200,000 rubles.
Thus, capital costs will be 2,625,000 rubles.
The monthly payroll of employees will consist of:
- Basic salary - 250 thousand rubles;
- Additional salary - 18 thousand rubles;
- Payroll taxes - 53.60 thousand rubles;
Total 321.60 thousand rubles.
The company's fixed monthly expenses will consist of:
Total cost of work = planned cost + planned profit (20% of the planned cost) + income tax (20% of profit) = 1372.40 + 274.48 + 54.88 = 1701.76 thousand rubles.
Processing cost = planned cost - materials costs = 1372.40-700 = 672.40 thousand rubles.
Let's calculate the price of one bottle of wine
Let's take the profit amount to be 100%, then the price taking into account the cost will be equal to: 2x 84.05 = 168.10 rubles/dal
Revenue, profit and profitability
Revenue from the sale of finished products: B = price x output volume = 168.10 x 8000 = 1,344.80 thousand rubles.
Profit from sales: P = B – Cst = 1,344.80 thousand rubles - 1,200 thousand rubles = 144.80 thousand rubles.
Net profit (profit - income tax (20%)): Pch = P – 0.35xP = 144.80 – 0.20x144.80 = 115,840 rubles.
Product profitability = Sales profit / Total cost = 144.80 / 1200 = 0.12;
Production profitability = Sales profit / Processing cost = 144.80 / 672.40 = 0.21
Thus, the production of mini-plant products is economically feasible, since it is able to generate profit and pays off within the first years. The profitability of production and products is confirmed by relevant calculations in the final part of the business plan.
Sales of finished products
Concluding agreements with sales agents (distributors and retail chains), and at first - directly with stores and supermarkets, are the main methods of establishing distribution channels. To obtain maximum profit, you should set the price of one bottle of wine, which is as acceptable as possible for consumers. At the same time, it is extremely important to ensure the sale of finished products in full. It is advisable to provide a small discount to wholesale buyers.
At the initial stage of business planning, advertising costs should be included in the cost estimate. Consumers should be familiar with the brand, and an acceptable price should not raise concerns about unsatisfactory product quality. Of course, the ideal would be to create branded stores or simply retail outlets where visitors can not only purchase wine, but also taste it in a relaxed atmosphere. Leading producers invite tourists to get acquainted with the intricacies of winemaking, where they describe the process of creating a noble drink and offer tastings of the most popular varieties. For some business owners, it is profitable to produce wine under a license from another state (under its trademark), the cost of which will be more affordable compared to similar foreign products.